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Published on : Aug 18, 2018
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Osmosis & Diffusion Presentation Transcript

Slide 1 -

Cell Membranes Osmosis and Diffusion

Slide 2 -

Functions of Membranes 1. Protect cell 2. Control incoming and outgoing substances 3. Maintain ion concentrations of various substances 4. Selectively permeable - allows some molecules in, others are kept out

Slide 3 -

Phospholipid Bilayer

Slide 4 -

Fluid Mosaic Model

Slide 5 -

Blood-Brain Barrier Allows some substances into the brain, but screens out toxins and bacteria Substances allowed to cross include: water, CO2, Glucose, O2, Amino Acids, Alcohol, and antihistamines. HIV and bacterial meningitis can cross the barrier.

Slide 6 -

Solutions Solutions are made of solute and a solvent Solvent - the liquid into which the solute is poured and dissolved. We will use water as our solvent today. Solute - substance that is dissolved or put into the solvent. Salt and sucrose are solutes.

Slide 7 -

Methods of Transport Across Membranes 1. Diffusion 2. Osmosis 3. Facilitated Diffusion 4. Active Transport

Slide 8 -

Methods of Transport Across Membranes 1. Diffusion -passive transport - no energy expended 2. Osmosis - Passive transport of water across membrane 3. Facilitated Diffusion - Use of proteins to carry polar molecules or ions across 4. Active Transport- requires energy to transport molecules against a concentration gradient – energy is in the form of ATP

Slide 9 -

Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Movement from one side of a membrane to another, un-facilitated

Slide 10 -

Diffusion

Slide 11 -

Osmosis

Slide 12 -

Tonicity is a relative term Hypotonic Solution - One solution has a lower concentration of solute than another. Hypertonic Solution - one solution has a higher concentration of solute than another. Isotonic Solution - both solutions have same concentrations of solute.

Slide 13 -

Plant and Animal Cells put into various solutions

Slide 14 -

Types of Transport

Slide 15 -

Today’s Lab We are using dialysis tubing as the cell membrane - It is selectively permeable The solute is either the eosin starch solution or the sugar solution What is the solvent?

Slide 16 -

Membrane Permeability Solute is eosin-starch-chloride solution Solvent is Water Indicator for presence of starch is IKI Starch is made of amylose and amylopectin – amylopectin is insoluble Iodine is not very soluble in water, but with KI it forms a I3- (triiodine ion) which is soluble. I3- combines with the amylose and the starch molecule turns blue-black.

Slide 17 -

Test for Starch Elmhurst College Website

Slide 18 -

Test for Chloride ions Indicator for presence of chloride ions is silver nitrate, AgNO3 A white precipitate, AgCl, forms if chloride is present.

Slide 19 -

Test for Sulfate ions Indicator for the presence of sulfate ions is Barium chloride, BaCl Barium sulfate, BaSO4 - forms a white precipitate BaCl + NaSO4 ----> BaSO4 + NaCl

Slide 20 -

Living Cells Beet cubes will be used to see the result of boiling and adding alcohol to a live membrane. Yeast cells are used to see effects of heat Fern gametophytes are used to see result of putting live cells in solutions of varying tonicity

Slide 21 -

Osmosis We will make an osmometer to see osmosis Sugar solution in a dialysis tube is used to simulate a cell membrane. Various concentrations of solute may be used around the room.

Slide 22 -

This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.

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