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Slide 1 - Radio Merit Badge Boy Scouts of America Module 1 - Radio Basics BSA National Radio Scouting Committee 2012 .
Slide 2 - Make You a Radio Expert Basic Familiarity With Radio Emergency Preparedness .. Purpose
Slide 3 - Three modules – any order Module 1 – Intro To Radio Module 2 – Electronic Components & Safety Module 3 – Amateur Radio & Emergency Communications Class Format
Slide 4 - Introduction To Radio .. Module 1
Slide 5 - 1 - What is Radio? 1a,1b - Types of Radio Services 1c - Radio Call Signs & Identification 1d - The Phonetic Alphabet 2a - Radio Wave Propagation, WWV & WWVH 2b - The FCC & ITU 3a - The Electromagnetic Spectrum Key Topics in This Module
Slide 6 - Electronic communication from one location to another without wires . What Is Radio? 1920s-era Radio Receiver
Slide 7 - Where Radio is used Radio is used in: broadcast receivers two way radios televisions cellular telephones wireless LANs garage door openers car locks EZPass satellites pagers radar microwave ovens etc, etc Requirement 1
Slide 8 - Broadcast - One-way transmissions to the public. Could be commercial (music, news, sports with advertisements) or non-commercial (National Public Radio, school radio stations, Voice of America) Broadcast Radio Requirement 1
Slide 9 - Examples of radio transmission towers you may see: .. Broadcast Radio Towers Three Types Of Radio AM / FM Radio Television NOAA Weather Radio Requirement 1
Slide 10 - Two Way Radios both send (transmit) and receive messages. walkie-talkies Amateur Radio cell phones fire and police aviation ships military, etc. Two-Way Communications Requirement 1
Slide 11 - Use of the radio by the public to communicate with others or to control models. Amateur radio is a licensed type of Hobby Radio Hobby Radio Requirement 1
Slide 12 - A volunteer non-commercial radio service devoted to educational, recreational and emergency purposes “HAM” Radio “Hobby” Radio Amateur Radio Three Types Of Radio Requirement 1
Slide 13 - A place to learn about radio! Called the “Amateur Radio Service” because it can’t be used for profit. An important part of disaster response. A lot of fun! Why Amateur Radio? Requirement 1
Slide 14 - Technology In The Wilderness “Many SAR teams use ham radio technology, especially the two-meter band and the FCC Technician license, to facilitate communications.” From the BSA Field Book, page 436… Requirement 1
Slide 15 - Call Signs are identification. They show you have a license to transmit. Broadcast Call Signs WHO, KDKA, KORA, WNBC Ham Call Signs WW3Y, KB3BOY, VR2DK, 9N1MM, JA1ABC A92EB/OZ, G4RZC/MM All ham call signs contain a number Radio Call Signs Requirement 1
Slide 16 - Every US station has a call sign issued by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Broadcast call signs begin with K or W KXAS WBAP Amateur call signs begin with A, K, N or W AB2SN KF5WT NY8N W3ZLP US Call Signs Requirement 1
Slide 17 - Amateur Radio Call Signs Requirement 1
Slide 18 - International Call Signs . International call sign prefixes assigned by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Countries issue specific call signs Examples: G – Great Britain F – France I – Italy 4X – Israel JA – Japan XE – Mexico VE – Canada VK – Australia ZL – New Zealand PY – Brazil Requirement 1
Slide 19 - Broadcasters - Once per hour. Amateurs - Every ten minutes and at end of a conversation. Station Identification Rules Requirement 1
Slide 20 - Phonetic Alphabet Alfa AL fah Bravo BRAH VOH Charlie CHAR lee Delta DELL tah Echo ECK oh Foxtrot FOX trot Golf GOLF Hotel hoh TELL India IN dee ah Juliet JEW lee ETT Kilo KEY loh Lima LEE mah Mike MIKE November no VEM ber Oscar OSS cah Papa pah pah Quebec keh BECK Romeo ROW me oh Sierra see AIR rah Tango TANG go Uniform YOU nee form Victor VIK ter Whiskey WISS key X-Ray ECKS RAY Yankee YANG kee Zulu ZOO loo Example: “My name is Tom – tango, oscar, mike – Tom” Requirement 1
Slide 21 - Ground Wave Sky Wave Ionosphere Skip Local DX .. How High Frequency (HF) Radio Waves Travel (Propagation) Requirement 2
Slide 22 - How VHF & UHF Radio Waves Travel (1) Requirement 2
Slide 23 - How VHF & UHF Radio Waves Travel (2)
Slide 24 - HF Wavelengths (160 – 10 meters) Generally utilizes skywave propagation Affected by solar activity VHF Wavelengths (6 meters – 2 meters) Generally utilize line-of-sight Affected very little by solar activity UHF Wavelengths (70cm and shorter) Generally utilize light-of-sight propagation Affected much by terrain, buildings . Radio Propagation Characteristics
Slide 25 - WWV Provides accurate frequencies, time, and HF propagation forecasts. WWV & WWVH transmit on 5,10,15 and 20 MHz WWV is in Ft Collins, Colorado. WWVH is in Kauai, Hawaii Requirement 2
Slide 26 - Transmits on standard frequencies If you can hear WWV, the HF bands are open .. Radio Station WWV 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Mhz Fort Collins, CO Requirement 2
Slide 27 - Regulation of Radio ITU International Telecommunications Union Meets every few years. Sets International Frequency assignments. Assigns prefixes to countries. FCC Federal Communication Commission Set Frequency Assignments in US. Issues Licenses & Call Signs in US. Enforces Radio Laws in US. Requirement 2
Slide 28 - Frequencies (One Hertz is cycle per second) DC Power AC Power Audio (Sound) LF MF HF or Shortwave VHF UHF Microwave Visible Light 0 Hertz (goes in one direction only) 60 Hertz (Hz) 100 Hz to 20 KHz (100 - 20,000 Hz) 30-300 kHz (30,000-300,000) .3-3 MHz (300,000-3,000,000) 3-30 MHz (3,000,000-30,000,000) 30-300 MHz (30,000,000-300,000,000) 300-3,000 MHz (well, you get the idea) Frequencies above 500 MHz 400-800 THz (400,000,000- 800,000,000 MHz) Requirement 3
Slide 29 - So, what frequencies are assigned to whom? AM Broadcast Radio FM Broadcast Radio Short Wave Broadcast Television Broadcast CB Radio Police Radio Amateur Radio 540 - 1600 kHz 88 - 108 MHz 5 - 22 MHz Channel 2 = 54-60 MHz 27 MHz 450-470 MHz 3.5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 150 MHz 80, 40, 30, 20, 15, 10, 6, 2 meters Freq=C/meters C=300,000,000 or Freq (MHz)= 300/meters Requirement 3
Slide 30 - Frequency - Measured in Hertz (kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz) Wavelength – Measured in meters (cm) . The Electromagnetic Spectrum Sound Long Radio Wavelengths Short Radio Wavelengths Microwaves Electromagnetic Radiation Demonstration
Slide 31 - The Electromagnetic Spectrum Medium Frequency (MF) High Frequency (HF) Very High Frequency (VHF) Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Requirement 3
Slide 32 - . DRAW the Electromagnetic Spectrum MF HF VHF UHF Marine AM Broadcast 300 Khz 3 Mhz Marine / Navigation 3 Mhz 30 Mhz 300 Mhz 30 Mhz 300 Mhz 3 Ghz WiFi UHF Ham 10m Ham VHF Ham FM Broadcast TV TV TV Air P/F Cellular Police/Fire International Shortwave Broadcast 6m Ham