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Slide 8 -
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Clim-Run: Tourism in Croatia Čedo Branković
Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ)
Grič 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
(cedo.brankovic@cirus.dhz.hr)
Caroline Brosy, Marjana Gajić-Čapka, Ivan Güttler, Kristian Horvath, Vladimir Kalinski,
Robert Pašičko, Mirta Patarčić, Melita Perčec-Tadić, Lidija Srnec, Ksenija Zaninović Summary on Croatia’s tourism:
* Most of Croatia’s tourism is based on sun and sea
- 96% of the tourism trade is generated in the Adriatic counties which have the most favourable
climate
* The structure of tourist facilities is very uneven
- Nearly 50% of beds are available in private households, 25% in camps and only 13% in hotels
(of which 4* and 5* hotels make only 40%)
* The tourism sector permanently employs about 95,000
- 7% of country’s total work force.
* In 2012, the total number of arrivals was 11.5 millions
- About one third in private households
- Total spending accumulated to 7.3 billion Euros
* Croatia’s tourism is characterised by pronounced seasonality
– In 2012, 87% of nights was realised in the period June to September Summary of replies to tourism questionnaire:
Respondents:
- 7 interviews, 9 county tourism associations, 7 at the 1st Workshop (over 60 invitations!)
- Ministry of Tourism, Croatian National Tourist Board, 1 national park, 3 hotel groups,
1 local community, Institute for Tourism, consultancy company, health tourism expert,
independent consultant
Replies:
- Climate variability and extreme events affect business activities (except one!)
- Climate-related risks are important or very important
- Of most importance are droughts, water quality, storms, atmospheric pollution, loss of
biodiversity, coastal erosion, sea level rise
- But also: extreme events, inter-seasonal variability and change of length of (holiday) season,
i.e. the beginning and the end of season
- Most of respondents use only daily weather forecasts!
- The future climate change are envisaged to have largest impact on outdoor activities (including
camping), investment in energy efficiency and may pose a threat to natural attractiveness
(e.g. in national parks)
- Most important climate parameter is precipitation (about 75% of all responses) followed by
temperature, extreme weather events and winds Product development:
* Defining stakeholders’ needs
- Based on the questionnaire replies, it was possible to only broadly define stakeholders’ needs
- For many users, extension of the peak season to shoulder seasons is the most “appealing”
consequence of potential climate change
- climate change should not be always associated with negative connotation
- Croatia may be in a relatively better position when compared with other Mediterranean
competitors
- A comprehensive measure that defines a human (instinctive) perception of climate at certain
location (for various time intervals)
- based on fact that most tourists appreciate climate through the sense of comfort (or
pleasure)
- tourist comfort index (TCI) - or any derivative - for both present and future climate
seems to be a quantity that would appropriately satisfy needs of most tourism
stakeholders in Croatia
- it could be defined for any location (region) and any time period (week, month, season)
- it may look complex (because it includes various climatic parameters) but there are ways
to make it simple and widely acceptable Product development:
* PET – Physiologically Equvalent Temperature (thermal impact on humans)
- Derived from the equation of thermal balance between human body and the environment
- Easy interpretation of results
- Includes thermal sensation scale ranging from “very cold” to “very warm” Rovinj Mali Lošinj Zadar Hvar Dubrovnik Ksenija Zaninović (DHMZ) y-axis: percentage of
days Product development:
* CIT – Climate Index for Tourism – integrates thermal, aesthetic and physical parts
- Thermal part measures energy balance human body-atmosphere
- Aesthetic part is sky condition: from clear to overcast
- Physical components are wind and rain
- CIT describes quality of climate conditions for activities for which it is specifically designed unacceptable acceptable very poor marginal ideal Ksenija Zaninović (DHMZ) Rating class CIT for cycling Product development:
* Examples of CIT Ksenija Zaninović (DHMZ) One location – various activities One activity – various locations Rovinj Mali Lošinj Zadar Hvar Dubrovnik Beach tourism Other points:
* Climate change has become a part of Strategy of Croatia’s tourism
- Strategy to year 2020
- No major, potentially adverse, impacts of climate change on tourism are envisaged
- Temperature rise may cause positive impact (extended season, increased competitiveness wrt
southern Mediterranean countries)
* Seasonal (monthly) forecasts
* Energy efficiency of hotels (Croatian reality - research covered 47 hotels)
- Hotels associate sustainable construction with an increase in initial investment
- Only one hotel monitors the amount of waste
- Only one hotel recycles the material from the guest rooms and common facilities
- Water “savings” - washing machines used even if not fully loaded
- Heating in 92% of hotels by oil, all swimming pools are heated by oil
- Cooling installed in 53% of hotels, most surfaces covered in glass
- No use of energy from renewable sources!
* Development of one mountain resort
- Detailed analysis of terrain elevations, orientations of ridges and slopes --> capacity
estimations
- Analysis of solar impact at 9, 12 and 15 local time --> warm and cold zones
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