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Slide 1 - Smart-phoneAttacks and Defenses Chuanxiong Guo, Helen J. Wang, Wenwu Zhu
Slide 2 - Outline Smart-Phone background Telecom networks assumptions Motivation Attacks Defenses Conclusions
Slide 3 - Smart-phones O2 XDA mini S Rich functionalities & features Combine portability of cell-phones with the computation and networking power of PCs 700M units will be shipped in 2007 Likely exceed the user population of PCs’
Slide 4 - Common OS OS: Symbian, Windows Mobile, Palm, embedded Linux Access to cellular network (GSM/CDMA, UMTS) Access to Internet (infrared, Bluetooth, GPRS/CDMA1X, 802.11) Use standard TCP/IP protocol stack Multi-tasking Data synchronization with desktop PCs Open API for application development Ease and low cost of introducing new integrated Internet and telecom services Create common ground for security breaches and threats
Slide 5 - Smart-phones Become end-points of both the Internet and telecom networks.
Slide 6 - Telecom Design Assumptions Traffic is highly predictable Telecom carriers plan network capacity according to the predicted traffic model Radio spectrum sharing schemes includes TDMA, FDMA, or logical “channels” User identities are tightly coupled with their telephone numbers or SIM cards Telephone number or SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) cards are used for accounting purposes
Slide 7 - Motivation Telecom network was relatively safe Smart-phone worms, viruses, Trojan horses appeared Cabir, June 14, 2004 (worm) Duts, July 17, 2004 (virus) Mosquito dialer, August 6, 2004 (trojan horse) The source code of the Cabir has been posted online by a Brazilian Programmer Various attacks to telecom infrastructures and users become reality
Slide 8 - Compromising smart-phones Attacks from the Internet Internet worms, viruses, and Trojan horses Infection from sync desktop Attack pc first, then infect smart-phone through synchronization process Peer smart-phone attack or infection Smart-phone is a mobile device Able to infect victims at different locations
Slide 9 - Possible smart-phone attacks DoS to base stations DDoS to call centers and switches Remote wiretapping Phone blocking SMS spamming Identity theft and spoofing Physical attack National Crisis
Slide 10 - DoS to base stations Compromised smart-phones use up radio resource at a base station Even a handful of zombies can increase call blocking rate (0.01% required) dramatically or put the system out of service Smart-phone zombies
Slide 11 - Possible smart-phone attacks DoS to base stations DDoS to call centers and switches Remote wiretapping Phone blocking SMS spamming Identity theft and spoofing Physical attack National Crisis
Slide 12 - N B 110 C A PLMN: Public land mobile network PSTN: Public switched telephone network PLMN PSTN Call Center DDoS to call centers and switches
Slide 13 - Possible smart-phone attacks DoS to base stations DDoS to call centers and switches Remote wiretapping Phone blocking SMS spamming Identity theft and spoofing Physical attack National Crisis
Slide 14 - GSM User A Internet User B WLAN GSM Voice stream voice packet wiretapper PSTN Remote wiretapping
Slide 15 - Possible smart-phone attacks DoS to base stations DDoS to call centers and switches Remote wiretapping Phone blocking SMS spamming Identity theft and spoofing Physical attack National Crisis
Slide 16 - Defenses Internet side protection NIDS, Firewalls, Patching, Shielding, … Base station performs shielding for users Make seamless handoff challenging Difficult to change deployed 802.11 APs Telecom side protection Abnormal behavior detection Reactions (Rate limiting, Call filtering, Blacklist) Advantage to take: Behavior of telecom users is highly predictable and most of the reaction building blocks already exist Smart-phone side protection Cooperation among the three parties
Slide 17 - Smart-phone hardening Feature reduction E.g., turn off bluetooth when not active OS hardening E.g., always display callee number when making a phone call Lighting up LCD display when dialing Hardware hardening SIM card to authenticate OS and applications
Slide 18 - Cooperation among the three parties Cellular carriers enforce smart-phones patching and shielding, and OS authentication When smart-phone attacks are detected from the Internet The Internet can inform telecom to prepare in advance When telecom detects smart-phone attacks Inform Internet to reject zombies on the black list Need to judge if a device is a smart-phone IP address to SIM ID or telephone number mapping
Slide 19 - Discussion Broken assumptions Telecom networks assume dumb terminals and intelligent core More Internet security reduction Networks or systems being bridged into the Internet Sensor networks RFID-based inventory systems Home networks More specified functioning systems assumption are being violated
Slide 20 - Conclusions Alert the community of the imminent dangers of smart-phone attacks A framework for defenses Future work: Detailed defense solutions Study other systems and networks that also face Internet security reduction Home networks Sensor networks