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Slide 1 - 1 Scottish Humor By Don L. F. Nilsen
Slide 2 - Don Nilsen in Ferguson Kilt 2
Slide 3 - 3 Scottish Highlands & Lowlands (McCrum 150/156)
Slide 4 - 4 Scottish Words in America
Slide 5 - 5 Scottish Pronunciations
Slide 6 - 6 Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary Because England does not have a language academy (like the “acadamie française”) we use dictionaries to settle language issues. (McCrum 137) The rise of dictionaries correlates with the rise of the Middle Class. Up through Webster’s II with labels like “vulgar,” “colloquial,” “slang,” “argot,” “jargon,” “Southern” etc. But now there’s Webster’s III with no labels
Slide 7 - 7 Johnson’s Dictionary & The Battle of Culloden Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary determined spellings, analogies, structures, meanings and significances. (McCrum 139) 1746 was the year that Johnson’s dictionary was published. 1746 was the year that the Jakobean Duke of Cumberland defeated Bonnie Prince Charlie at the Battle of Culloden. (McCrum 140)
Slide 8 - 8 After the Battle of Culloden (1746) Highland Scottish Culture was Outlawed
Slide 9 - 9 Robert Burns (1759-1796) Bobbie Burns is the author of “Auld Lang Syne.” Bobbie Burns is also the poet of “eating, drinking and wenching.” (McCrum 152) I hae been blythe wi’ comrades dear; I hae been merry drinking; I hae been joyfu’ gath’rin gear; I hae been happy thinking.
Slide 10 - 10 But a’ the pleasures e’er I saw Tho’ three times double’d fairly That happy night was worth them a’, Among the rigs o’ barley. (McCrum 152-153)
Slide 11 - 11 Sir Walter Scott (1771-1831) Sir Walter Scott Scott wrote Ivanhoe The Heart of Midlothian Rob Roy and Quentin Durward (McCrum 154)
Slide 12 - 12 Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894) Robert Louis Stevenson wrote Treasure Island and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (McCrum 154)
Slide 13 - 13 Scots Go To Ireland (McCrum 154/160)
Slide 14 - 14 Scots Migrate to Northern Ireland “200,000 Scots migrated to Northern Ireland.” In turn, some two million of their descendants migrated to America during the 18th, 19th and the early part of the 20th Centuries. (McCrum 157)
Slide 15 - 15 Scots-Irish Go to America (McCrum 155)
Slide 16 - 16 The Guid Scots Tongue The Scottish language in Scotland, in Ulster (Ireland), in Nova Scotia (Canada) and Boston and Philadelphia (United States) was distinct: “Bone” and “stone” were pronounced “bane” and “stane.” “Soft” “leave,” “bath,” “top” and “sick” were pronounced “saft,” “lea’,” “tap,” and “seek.” “How now brown cow” would be pronounced “Hoo noo broon coo.” (McCrum 158-159)
Slide 17 - 17 The Scots Irish at War with the Irish Catholics In Ulster there are many security measures: Jeeps Roadblocks Policemen Bullet-proof jackets Graffiti Damaged Buildings and Roads Guns (McCrum 161)
Slide 18 - 18 Many Scots-Irish Migrate to America By 1776 (the year of America’s independence) almost half of Ulster had crossed the Atlantic. In the United States, one out every seven colonists was Scots-Irish. (McCrum 161)
Slide 19 - 19 Scots-Irish in America The Scots-Irish immigrants in Boston tended to be intolerant, violent, unruly and poverty stricken, so they weren’t too welcome. They moved South to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1760, Benjamin Franklin estimated that 1/3 of Philadelphia was English, 1/3 was German, and 1/3 was Scots-Irish. (McCrum 162)
Slide 20 - 20 Scots-Irish Move West Through the Cumberland Gap (McCrum 158/164)
Slide 21 - 21 Scots-Irish Further Migration Most of the Scots-Irish kept going South towards the Appalachian Mountains and on through the Cumberland Gap. They were on the American frontier and bore the brunt of Indian hostilities. They settled in the Southwestern frontier. They tended to be fierce, clannish and unruly. They wore coonskin caps, carried Kentucky rifles, and were really fond of whiskey. (McCrum 163)
Slide 22 - 22 The Scots-Irish were ferocious Indian fighters, great boasters, and compulsive storytellers. They had a keen ear for a striking phrase. Some of them made it all of the way west to Texas. Probably the most famous of them was Davy Crockett at the Alamo, who was part real, and part legend. Crockett described himself as…
Slide 23 - 23 “…fresh from the backwoods, half-horse, half-alligator, a little touched with snapping turtle, can wade the Mississippi, leap the Ohio, ride a streak of lightning, slide down a honey locust and not get scratched.” (McCrum 163)
Slide 24 - 24 The Hillbillies The Scotch-Irish Hillbillies made stills and brewed “moonshine.” They used words like “afeared,” “damnedest,” “chaw u’ tabacker,” “hex,” “plum right” or “plum crazy.” And they’re great story tellers. (McCrum 165-166) They ate “bonny-clabber” (curdled sour milk) and “flannel-cake (a thin wheat cake). They provided English with the expression “you-all.” And when they called the cows home at night they used the Old-English “sūcan” meaning “suck.”
Slide 25 - 25 The Hillbillies said “tharr,” “barr,” and Herr” for “there,” “bear,” and “here.” They dropped their final –g, and used the Old-English “on” in front of –ing words, like “a-huntin, and a-fishin.” They also used the Old-English form of “it,” which was “hit.” These features are throughout the Southwest, but are most prominent in West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee and the Ozarks. (McCrum 167)
Slide 26 - 26 Hillbilly Culture Becomes Mainstream Today about twenty million people (10 % of Americans) claim Scots-Irish ancestry. The Scots-Irish ballads are currently imitated and reproduced throughout the United States. Dolly Parton, Pat Boone, Kenny Rogers and Willie Nelson are four of these ballad singers. (McCrum 168) Blue-Collar TV (Bill Engvall and Jeff Foxworthy, etc.) also are great “Hillbilly” story tellers It is possible to see reruns of a sitcom called “The Beverly Hillbillies.” It is about some hillbillies who struck oil and moved to Beverly Hills in California.