Download Reactions of Alcohol PowerPoint Presentation

Iframe embed code :

Unable to generate embed code for this presentation.request for embed code @ mail[at]slidesfinder.com

Presentation url :

Home / Health & Wellness / Health & Wellness Presentations / Reactions of Alcohol PowerPoint Presentation

Reactions of Alcohol PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint is the world's most popular presentation software which can let you create professional Reactions of Alcohol powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. This helps you give your presentation on Reactions of Alcohol in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations.

The uploader spent his/her valuable time to create this Reactions of Alcohol powerpoint presentation slides, to share his/her useful content with the world. This ppt presentation uploaded by worldwideweb in Health & Wellness ppt presentation category is available for free download,and can be used according to your industries like finance, marketing, education, health and many more.

About This Presentation

worldwideweb

Description : Reactions of Alcohol Presentation : Download Reactions of Alcohol ppt presentation and make your presenation attractive

Tags : Reactions of Alcohol

Published on : Dec 09, 2014
Views : 2146 | Downloads : 0

Download Now

Share on Social Media

Slide 1 -

Chapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols Jo Blackburn Richland College, Dallas, TX Dallas County Community College District ã 2003, Prentice Hall Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.

Slide 2 -

Chapter 11 2 Types of Alcohol Reactions Dehydration to alkene Oxidation to aldehyde, ketone Substitution to form alkyl halide Reduction to alkane Esterification Tosylation Williamson synthesis of ether =>

Slide 3 -

Chapter 11 3 Summary Table =>

Slide 4 -

Chapter 11 4 Oxidation States Easy for inorganic salts CrO42- reduced to Cr2O3 KMnO4 reduced to MnO2 Oxidation: loss of H2, gain of O, O2, or X2 Reduction: gain of H2 or H-, loss of O, O2, or X2 Neither: gain or loss of H+, H2O, HX =>

Slide 5 -

Chapter 11 5 1º, 2º, 3º Carbons =>

Slide 6 -

Chapter 11 6 Oxidation of 2° Alcohols 2° alcohol becomes a ketone Reagent is Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4 Active reagent probably H2CrO4 Color change: orange to greenish-blue =>

Slide 7 -

Chapter 11 7 Oxidation of 1° Alcohols 1° alcohol to aldehyde to carboxylic acid Difficult to stop at aldehyde Use pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) to limit the oxidation. PCC can also be used to oxidize 2° alcohols to ketones. =>

Slide 8 -

Chapter 11 8 3° Alcohols Don’t Oxidize Cannot lose 2 H’s Basis for chromic acid test =>

Slide 9 -

Chapter 11 9 Other Oxidation Reagents Collins reagent: Cr2O3 in pyridine Jones reagent: chromic acid in acetone KMnO4 (strong oxidizer) Nitric acid (strong oxidizer) CuO, 300°C (industrial dehydrogenation) Swern oxidation: dimethylsulfoxide, with oxalyl chloride and hindered base, oxidizes 2 alcohols to ketones and 1 alcohols to aldehydes. =>

Slide 10 -

Chapter 11 10 Biological Oxidation Catalyzed by ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase. Oxidizing agent is NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Ethanol oxidizes to acetaldehyde, then acetic acid, a normal metabolite. Methanol oxidizes to formaldehyde, then formic acid, more toxic than methanol. Ethylene glycol oxidizes to oxalic acid, toxic. Treatment for poisoning is excess ethanol. =>

Slide 11 -

Chapter 11 11 Alcohol as a Nucleophile ROH is weak nucleophile RO- is strong nucleophile New O-C bond forms, O-H bond breaks. =>

Slide 12 -

Chapter 11 12 Alcohol as an Electrophile OH- is not a good leaving group unless it is protonated, but most nucleophiles are strong bases which would remove H+. Convert to tosylate (good leaving group) to react with strong nucleophile (base) =>  + C-Nuc bond forms, C-O bond breaks

Slide 13 -

Chapter 11 13 Formation of Tosylate Ester p-toluenesulfonyl chloride TsCl, “tosyl chloride” ROTs, a tosylate ester =>

Slide 14 -

Chapter 11 14 SN2 Reactions of Tosylates With hydroxide produces alcohol With cyanide produces nitrile With halide ion produces alkyl halide With alkoxide ion produces ether With ammonia produces amine salt With LiAlH4 produces alkane =>

Slide 15 -

Chapter 11 15 Summary of Tosylate Reactions =>

Slide 16 -

Chapter 11 16 Reduction of Alcohols Dehydrate with conc. H2SO4, then add H2 Tosylate, then reduce with LiAlH4 =>

Slide 17 -

Chapter 11 17 Reaction with HBr -OH of alcohol is protonated -OH2+ is good leaving group 3° and 2° alcohols react with Br- via SN1 1° alcohols react via SN2 =>

Slide 18 -

Chapter 11 18 Reaction with HCl Chloride is a weaker nucleophile than bromide. Add ZnCl2, which bonds strongly with -OH, to promote the reaction. The chloride product is insoluble. Lucas test: ZnCl2 in conc. HCl 1° alcohols react slowly or not at all. 2 alcohols react in 1-5 minutes. 3 alcohols react in less than 1 minute. =>

Slide 19 -

Chapter 11 19 Limitations of HX Reactions HI does not react Poor yields of 1° and 2° chlorides May get alkene instead of alkyl halide Carbocation intermediate may rearrange. =>

Slide 20 -

Chapter 11 20 Reactions with Phosphorus Halides Good yields with 1° and 2° alcohols PCl3 for alkyl chloride (but SOCl2 better) PBr3 for alkyl bromide P and I2 for alkyl iodide (PI3 not stable) =>

Slide 21 -

Chapter 11 21 Mechanism with PBr3 P bonds to -OH as Br- leaves Br- attacks backside (SN2) HOPBr2 leaves =>

Slide 22 -

Chapter 11 22 Reaction with Thionyl Chloride Produces alkyl chloride, SO2, HCl S bonds to -OH, Cl- leaves Cl- abstracts H+ from OH C-O bond breaks as Cl- transferred to C =>

Slide 23 -

Chapter 11 23 Dehydration Reactions Conc. H2SO4 produces alkene Carbocation intermediate Saytzeff product Bimolecular dehydration produces ether Low temp, 140°C and below, favors ether High temp, 180°C and above, favors alkene =>

Slide 24 -

Chapter 11 24 Dehydration Mechanisms =>

Slide 25 -

Chapter 11 25 Energy Diagram, E1 =>

Slide 26 -

Chapter 11 26 Unique Reactions of Diols Pinacol rearrangement Periodic acid cleavage =>

Slide 27 -

Chapter 11 27 Pinacol Rearrangement Pinacol: 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol Dehydration with sulfuric acid =>

Slide 28 -

Chapter 11 28 Periodic Cleavage of Glycols Same products formed as from ozonolysis of the corresponding alkene. =>

Slide 29 -

Chapter 11 29 Esterification Fischer: alcohol + carboxylic acid Tosylate esters Sulfate esters Nitrate esters Phosphate esters =>

Slide 30 -

Chapter 11 30 Fischer Esterification Acid + Alcohol yields Ester + Water Sulfuric acid is a catalyst. Each step is reversible. =>

Slide 31 -

Chapter 11 31 Tosylate Esters Alcohol + p-Toluenesulfonic acid, TsOH Acid chloride is actually used, TsCl =>

Slide 32 -

Chapter 11 32 Sulfate Esters Alcohol + Sulfuric Acid =>

Slide 33 -

Chapter 11 33 Nitrate Esters =>

Slide 34 -

Chapter 11 34 Phosphate Esters =>

Slide 35 -

Chapter 11 35 Phosphate Esters in DNA =>

Slide 36 -

Chapter 11 36 Alkoxide Ions ROH + Na (or NaH) yields sodium alkoxide RO- + 1° alkyl halide yields ether (Williamson ether synthesis) =>

Slide 37 -

Chapter 11 37 End of Chapter 11

Frequently Asked Questions

> About SlidesFinder?

Slidesfinder is a website that allows users to upload and share their PowerPoint presentations online. It provides a platform for individuals and businesses to share their ideas and knowledge through presentations, and for others to view and download these presentations for educational or professional purposes.
Slidesfinder offers a wide range of presentation topics and categories, including business, education, science, technology, health, and more. Users can also search for presentations using keywords, tags, or by category. The website provides tools to create professional presentations with rich media, animations, and graphics.

One of the key features of Slidesfinder is its user-friendly interface, which allows users to easily upload, view, and share presentations. Users can also embed their presentations in their websites or blogs using the website's embed code feature.
Slidesfinder also offers premium services, such as the ability to create private presentations and to download presentations in high-quality formats. However, the basic features of Slidesfinder are free to use, making it accessible to anyone who wants to share their ideas and knowledge through presentations.

> How do I register with SlidesFinder?

Go to registration page (you can see signup link on top of website page) https://www.slidesfinder.com/signup . If you have facebook/gmail account them just click on SIGN IN WITH FACEBOOK OR SIGN IN WITH GOOGLE button, by this you will be a registered member of slidesfinder without filling any form, required detail automatically will be fatch from your account. If you do not a Facebook account, then click on "Signup". Fill all required fields and you will be a registered member of slidesfinder.

> Is slidesfinder account confirmation is mandatory?

Yes it is mandetory to active your account to login.

> Do I need to signup/login on SlidesFinder before uploading a PowerPoint presentation?

Yes, you need to login with your account before uploading presentation. Your username will be displayed on your uploaded presentation. Your registered email id is needed for sending your stats of uploaded presentation.

Slidesfinder is a sharing website for PowerPoint presentations search and share. Find your interest in the form of powerpoint presentations on slidesfinder and save your valuable time . On Slidesfinder you get presentations from our huge library of professional ppt presentations. We believe in making your search INFORMATIVE and FUN. Find your best ppt presentation from a pool of PowerPoint presentations stacked under important industry categories like business & management, heath & Wellness,eduction & training etc. We provide unique informative PowerPoint presentation for marketers, presenters and educationists. These professional PowerPoint presentations are uploaded by professionals from across numerous industry segments.These ppt presentations are available for FREE download.

Not just finding your interest, but facilitate you broadcast your interest. We have created this platform for easy sharing of PowerPoint presentations, ensuring that these presentations get maximum exposure. Create your slidesfinder account and upload PowerPoint presentations for free, share on social media platforms and BUILD YOUR CROWD WITH PRESENTATION !!

The Great Buddha says, "Share your knowledge.It’s a way to achieve immortality"! So, start sharing knowledge and we are here to make that immortal !!

Re-productivity of content are not allowed. Without prior written permission from author, commercial use of any content is illegal.