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Passenger Aircraft Environmental Control System PowerPoint Presentation

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Published on : Dec 09, 2014
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Passenger Aircraft Environmental Control System Safety Analysis Presented By: Brian Cranley, Ali Dalal, Chris Hankins, Josh Martin

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Objective To analyze and perform a System Safety Analysis on Environmental Control Systems (ECS) in passenger aircraft To derive possible redesigns in procedures and hardware involved in the functionality of the ECS

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Scope Focuses on the hazards involved in a passenger aircraft cruising at an altitude of 35,000ft

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System Components Bleed Air Air Conditioning Ventilation & Distribution Pressure Regulation boeing.com

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System Description Bleed Air Q ”heart” of the ECS Q automatic aside from an on/off switch in cockpit Q comprised of the engine, valves, ports, and sensors that allow airflow Q selects the right bleed port to send air through (dependant upon where the aircraft is, i.e. takeoff, cruise, or landing) Q decreases the pressure and temperature of air entering the aircraft so it can be dispersed for the remainder of the ECS ASHRAE

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System Description (cont.) Ozone Converter Q disassociates ozone to oxygen molecules Q uses a catalyst such as palladium (Pd) Q up to 95% effective when new limcoairepair.com

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System Description (cont.) Air-conditioning Packs Q air is dried to 10-20% humidity Q air is cooled from 400°F (temperature when leaving ozone converter) to 60°F Q most commercial aircraft utilize two or three air-cycle machines linked in parallel as a safety precaution against in-flight failures ntsb.gov

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System Description (cont.) Distribution and Filtration Q air from air-conditioner is mixed in manifold with filtered, re-circulated air. Q air is treated with a HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter - nearly 99.9% effective in removing microbes Q air is distributed from manifold to ductwork, and then through vents at roughly 500 fpm Q air stays in cabin 2-3 minutes before it is re-circulated boeing.com

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System Description (cont.) Backup Oxygen Supply Q in event of ECS system failure Q oxygen stored in container and valve assemblies at 1850psi Q reduced to 70psi for delivery through overhead masks

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System Description (cont.) Pressure Regulation Q desired pressure altitude of 8000ft Q cabin controlled by pressure regulator Q located so that all cabin air must pass through the outflow valve section to return to the atmosphere Q regulator assembly recognizes the changes in ambient pressure and controls the inflow and/or outflow of air depending on controller signals Q safety valve incorporated to reduce high cabin pressure boeing.com

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Analyses Performed Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) Failure Mode & Effects Analysis (FMEA) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)

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Preliminary Hazard Analysis PHA Q takes place during the design phase Q review of historical safety experience Q identifies areas for concern Q identifies and evaluates hazards Q begins to consider safety design criteria

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PHA(cont.) Bleed Air System Q IP Valve Q temperature sensor Pressurization System Q regulator assembly Q relief valve

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Failure Mode & Effects Analysis FMEA Q reliability form of analysis Q may contain events that will not contribute to an accident Q analyzes system components for their contribution to a state of unreliability

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FMEA (cont.) Bleed Air System Q IP Valve Q temperature sensor Pressurization System Q regulator assembly Q relief valve Auxiliary Oxygen Supply Q storage tank Q fire protection

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Fault Tree Analysis FTA Q method structures relations in a graphic representation to form a Boolean logic model Q structured to end in a specific outcome Q directs deductively to accident-related events Q can be qualitative or quantitative Q provides insight into system behavior

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Conclusions & Recommendations Install redundant temperature sensors Q downstream of precooler Q entrance to cabin Add redundant valves Q downstream of IP valve Q cabin relief valves

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C & R (cont.) Fire protection Q fire resistant materials Q install sprinkler heads Q smoke hoods Auxiliary Oxygen Supply Q explosion resistant casing for storage tank Q O2 sensors Q manual O2 mask release

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C & R (cont.) Frequent software upgrades Detailed maintenance procedures

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