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Slide 1 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA
Slide 2 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost
Slide 3 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access
Slide 4 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification
Slide 5 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications
Slide 6 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation
Slide 7 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset
Slide 8 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone
Slide 9 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications
Slide 10 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications
Slide 11 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles
Slide 12 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview
Slide 13 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications
Slide 14 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction
Slide 15 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB
Slide 16 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications
Slide 17 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity
Slide 18 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity
Slide 19 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address
Slide 20 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD
Slide 21 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet
Slide 22 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field
Slide 23 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps
Slide 24 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO
Slide 25 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone
Slide 26 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet
Slide 27 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic?
Slide 28 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security
Slide 29 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption
Slide 30 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction
Slide 31 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes !
Slide 32 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM
Slide 33 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps
Slide 34 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications
Slide 35 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service
Slide 36 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points
Slide 37 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 37 LAN access point profile Security Authentication Access control Efficiency header and data compression Auto-configuration Lower barrier for deployment Why use PPP? Access Point Baseband LMP L2CAP RFCOMM PPP IP
Slide 38 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 37 LAN access point profile Security Authentication Access control Efficiency header and data compression Auto-configuration Lower barrier for deployment Why use PPP? Access Point Baseband LMP L2CAP RFCOMM PPP IP 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 38 Inefficiency of layering Emulation of RS-232 over the Bluetooth radio link could be eliminated Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Palmtop LAN access point packet oriented packet oriented byte oriented
Slide 39 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 37 LAN access point profile Security Authentication Access control Efficiency header and data compression Auto-configuration Lower barrier for deployment Why use PPP? Access Point Baseband LMP L2CAP RFCOMM PPP IP 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 38 Inefficiency of layering Emulation of RS-232 over the Bluetooth radio link could be eliminated Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Palmtop LAN access point packet oriented packet oriented byte oriented 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 39 Terminate PPP at LAN access point PPP server function at each access point management of user name/password is an issue roaming is not seamless Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet Palmtop Access Point
Slide 40 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 37 LAN access point profile Security Authentication Access control Efficiency header and data compression Auto-configuration Lower barrier for deployment Why use PPP? Access Point Baseband LMP L2CAP RFCOMM PPP IP 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 38 Inefficiency of layering Emulation of RS-232 over the Bluetooth radio link could be eliminated Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Palmtop LAN access point packet oriented packet oriented byte oriented 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 39 Terminate PPP at LAN access point PPP server function at each access point management of user name/password is an issue roaming is not seamless Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet Palmtop Access Point 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 40 L2TP style tunneling Tunneling PPP traffic from access points to the PPP server 1) centralized management of user name/password 2) reduction of processing and state maintenance at each access point 3) seamless roaming radio link RFCOMM PPP IP Palmtop Access Point radio link RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet IP UDP ethernet IP UDP PPP server
Slide 41 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 37 LAN access point profile Security Authentication Access control Efficiency header and data compression Auto-configuration Lower barrier for deployment Why use PPP? Access Point Baseband LMP L2CAP RFCOMM PPP IP 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 38 Inefficiency of layering Emulation of RS-232 over the Bluetooth radio link could be eliminated Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Palmtop LAN access point packet oriented packet oriented byte oriented 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 39 Terminate PPP at LAN access point PPP server function at each access point management of user name/password is an issue roaming is not seamless Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet Palmtop Access Point 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 40 L2TP style tunneling Tunneling PPP traffic from access points to the PPP server 1) centralized management of user name/password 2) reduction of processing and state maintenance at each access point 3) seamless roaming radio link RFCOMM PPP IP Palmtop Access Point radio link RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet IP UDP ethernet IP UDP PPP server 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 41 IP over Bluetooth IP based network connectivity peer-to-peer connectivity Internet connectivity for non-PC devices IP over wireless media Decentralized techniques for link formulation, naming, addressing, and routing Investigation of the right design point for running IP over toasters, light switches, & fire alarms Next steps
Slide 42 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 37 LAN access point profile Security Authentication Access control Efficiency header and data compression Auto-configuration Lower barrier for deployment Why use PPP? Access Point Baseband LMP L2CAP RFCOMM PPP IP 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 38 Inefficiency of layering Emulation of RS-232 over the Bluetooth radio link could be eliminated Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Palmtop LAN access point packet oriented packet oriented byte oriented 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 39 Terminate PPP at LAN access point PPP server function at each access point management of user name/password is an issue roaming is not seamless Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet Palmtop Access Point 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 40 L2TP style tunneling Tunneling PPP traffic from access points to the PPP server 1) centralized management of user name/password 2) reduction of processing and state maintenance at each access point 3) seamless roaming radio link RFCOMM PPP IP Palmtop Access Point radio link RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet IP UDP ethernet IP UDP PPP server 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 41 IP over Bluetooth IP based network connectivity peer-to-peer connectivity Internet connectivity for non-PC devices IP over wireless media Decentralized techniques for link formulation, naming, addressing, and routing Investigation of the right design point for running IP over toasters, light switches, & fire alarms Next steps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 42 Research challenges Techniques for link formation Routing over scatternets Resource Discovery Plug-n-play applications s s m s s s s m s s m s s s m s cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base Internet Will the current solutions for each layer work in this environment? cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base
Slide 43 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 37 LAN access point profile Security Authentication Access control Efficiency header and data compression Auto-configuration Lower barrier for deployment Why use PPP? Access Point Baseband LMP L2CAP RFCOMM PPP IP 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 38 Inefficiency of layering Emulation of RS-232 over the Bluetooth radio link could be eliminated Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Palmtop LAN access point packet oriented packet oriented byte oriented 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 39 Terminate PPP at LAN access point PPP server function at each access point management of user name/password is an issue roaming is not seamless Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet Palmtop Access Point 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 40 L2TP style tunneling Tunneling PPP traffic from access points to the PPP server 1) centralized management of user name/password 2) reduction of processing and state maintenance at each access point 3) seamless roaming radio link RFCOMM PPP IP Palmtop Access Point radio link RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet IP UDP ethernet IP UDP PPP server 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 41 IP over Bluetooth IP based network connectivity peer-to-peer connectivity Internet connectivity for non-PC devices IP over wireless media Decentralized techniques for link formulation, naming, addressing, and routing Investigation of the right design point for running IP over toasters, light switches, & fire alarms Next steps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 42 Research challenges Techniques for link formation Routing over scatternets Resource Discovery Plug-n-play applications s s m s s s s m s s m s s s m s cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base Internet Will the current solutions for each layer work in this environment? cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 43 What is different in this scenario ? Dynamic network Isolated network Simple devices Small, multi-hop networks Connection oriented, low-power link technology Applications ---> services ----> routing ----> link creation cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set cordless base
Slide 44 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 37 LAN access point profile Security Authentication Access control Efficiency header and data compression Auto-configuration Lower barrier for deployment Why use PPP? Access Point Baseband LMP L2CAP RFCOMM PPP IP 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 38 Inefficiency of layering Emulation of RS-232 over the Bluetooth radio link could be eliminated Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Palmtop LAN access point packet oriented packet oriented byte oriented 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 39 Terminate PPP at LAN access point PPP server function at each access point management of user name/password is an issue roaming is not seamless Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet Palmtop Access Point 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 40 L2TP style tunneling Tunneling PPP traffic from access points to the PPP server 1) centralized management of user name/password 2) reduction of processing and state maintenance at each access point 3) seamless roaming radio link RFCOMM PPP IP Palmtop Access Point radio link RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet IP UDP ethernet IP UDP PPP server 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 41 IP over Bluetooth IP based network connectivity peer-to-peer connectivity Internet connectivity for non-PC devices IP over wireless media Decentralized techniques for link formulation, naming, addressing, and routing Investigation of the right design point for running IP over toasters, light switches, & fire alarms Next steps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 42 Research challenges Techniques for link formation Routing over scatternets Resource Discovery Plug-n-play applications s s m s s s s m s s m s s s m s cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base Internet Will the current solutions for each layer work in this environment? cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 43 What is different in this scenario ? Dynamic network Isolated network Simple devices Small, multi-hop networks Connection oriented, low-power link technology Applications ---> services ----> routing ----> link creation cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set cordless base 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 44 Link Formation x7 x8 x6 x4 x3 x5 y2 x2 x1 y1 Low power modes require careful use of broadcast Proximity  Link The problem does not exist in most wired/wireless networks Maintaining connectivity in absence of application traffic seems wasteful Hints from higher layer are needed
Slide 45 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 37 LAN access point profile Security Authentication Access control Efficiency header and data compression Auto-configuration Lower barrier for deployment Why use PPP? Access Point Baseband LMP L2CAP RFCOMM PPP IP 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 38 Inefficiency of layering Emulation of RS-232 over the Bluetooth radio link could be eliminated Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Palmtop LAN access point packet oriented packet oriented byte oriented 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 39 Terminate PPP at LAN access point PPP server function at each access point management of user name/password is an issue roaming is not seamless Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet Palmtop Access Point 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 40 L2TP style tunneling Tunneling PPP traffic from access points to the PPP server 1) centralized management of user name/password 2) reduction of processing and state maintenance at each access point 3) seamless roaming radio link RFCOMM PPP IP Palmtop Access Point radio link RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet IP UDP ethernet IP UDP PPP server 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 41 IP over Bluetooth IP based network connectivity peer-to-peer connectivity Internet connectivity for non-PC devices IP over wireless media Decentralized techniques for link formulation, naming, addressing, and routing Investigation of the right design point for running IP over toasters, light switches, & fire alarms Next steps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 42 Research challenges Techniques for link formation Routing over scatternets Resource Discovery Plug-n-play applications s s m s s s s m s s m s s s m s cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base Internet Will the current solutions for each layer work in this environment? cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 43 What is different in this scenario ? Dynamic network Isolated network Simple devices Small, multi-hop networks Connection oriented, low-power link technology Applications ---> services ----> routing ----> link creation cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set cordless base 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 44 Link Formation x7 x8 x6 x4 x3 x5 y2 x2 x1 y1 Low power modes require careful use of broadcast Proximity  Link The problem does not exist in most wired/wireless networks Maintaining connectivity in absence of application traffic seems wasteful Hints from higher layer are needed 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 45 Routing over Scatternets x7 x8 x6 x4 x3 x5 y2 x2 x1 y1 Nodes must co-operate to forward packets (MANET style protocols) Forwarding at Layer 2 or Layer 3? Bridging or routing ? What interface should be exported to the above layer? Better coupling with the service discovery layer is needed
Slide 46 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 37 LAN access point profile Security Authentication Access control Efficiency header and data compression Auto-configuration Lower barrier for deployment Why use PPP? Access Point Baseband LMP L2CAP RFCOMM PPP IP 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 38 Inefficiency of layering Emulation of RS-232 over the Bluetooth radio link could be eliminated Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Palmtop LAN access point packet oriented packet oriented byte oriented 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 39 Terminate PPP at LAN access point PPP server function at each access point management of user name/password is an issue roaming is not seamless Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet Palmtop Access Point 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 40 L2TP style tunneling Tunneling PPP traffic from access points to the PPP server 1) centralized management of user name/password 2) reduction of processing and state maintenance at each access point 3) seamless roaming radio link RFCOMM PPP IP Palmtop Access Point radio link RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet IP UDP ethernet IP UDP PPP server 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 41 IP over Bluetooth IP based network connectivity peer-to-peer connectivity Internet connectivity for non-PC devices IP over wireless media Decentralized techniques for link formulation, naming, addressing, and routing Investigation of the right design point for running IP over toasters, light switches, & fire alarms Next steps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 42 Research challenges Techniques for link formation Routing over scatternets Resource Discovery Plug-n-play applications s s m s s s s m s s m s s s m s cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base Internet Will the current solutions for each layer work in this environment? cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 43 What is different in this scenario ? Dynamic network Isolated network Simple devices Small, multi-hop networks Connection oriented, low-power link technology Applications ---> services ----> routing ----> link creation cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set cordless base 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 44 Link Formation x7 x8 x6 x4 x3 x5 y2 x2 x1 y1 Low power modes require careful use of broadcast Proximity  Link The problem does not exist in most wired/wireless networks Maintaining connectivity in absence of application traffic seems wasteful Hints from higher layer are needed 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 45 Routing over Scatternets x7 x8 x6 x4 x3 x5 y2 x2 x1 y1 Nodes must co-operate to forward packets (MANET style protocols) Forwarding at Layer 2 or Layer 3? Bridging or routing ? What interface should be exported to the above layer? Better coupling with the service discovery layer is needed 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 46 Service discovery cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set cordless base Need solutions for address allocation, name resolution, service discovery Existing solutions in the Internet depend on infrastructure Judicious use of Multicast/broadcast is needed These goals are similar to what Zero-conf WG is already working on
Slide 47 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 37 LAN access point profile Security Authentication Access control Efficiency header and data compression Auto-configuration Lower barrier for deployment Why use PPP? Access Point Baseband LMP L2CAP RFCOMM PPP IP 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 38 Inefficiency of layering Emulation of RS-232 over the Bluetooth radio link could be eliminated Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Palmtop LAN access point packet oriented packet oriented byte oriented 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 39 Terminate PPP at LAN access point PPP server function at each access point management of user name/password is an issue roaming is not seamless Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet Palmtop Access Point 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 40 L2TP style tunneling Tunneling PPP traffic from access points to the PPP server 1) centralized management of user name/password 2) reduction of processing and state maintenance at each access point 3) seamless roaming radio link RFCOMM PPP IP Palmtop Access Point radio link RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet IP UDP ethernet IP UDP PPP server 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 41 IP over Bluetooth IP based network connectivity peer-to-peer connectivity Internet connectivity for non-PC devices IP over wireless media Decentralized techniques for link formulation, naming, addressing, and routing Investigation of the right design point for running IP over toasters, light switches, & fire alarms Next steps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 42 Research challenges Techniques for link formation Routing over scatternets Resource Discovery Plug-n-play applications s s m s s s s m s s m s s s m s cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base Internet Will the current solutions for each layer work in this environment? cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 43 What is different in this scenario ? Dynamic network Isolated network Simple devices Small, multi-hop networks Connection oriented, low-power link technology Applications ---> services ----> routing ----> link creation cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set cordless base 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 44 Link Formation x7 x8 x6 x4 x3 x5 y2 x2 x1 y1 Low power modes require careful use of broadcast Proximity  Link The problem does not exist in most wired/wireless networks Maintaining connectivity in absence of application traffic seems wasteful Hints from higher layer are needed 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 45 Routing over Scatternets x7 x8 x6 x4 x3 x5 y2 x2 x1 y1 Nodes must co-operate to forward packets (MANET style protocols) Forwarding at Layer 2 or Layer 3? Bridging or routing ? What interface should be exported to the above layer? Better coupling with the service discovery layer is needed 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 46 Service discovery cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set cordless base Need solutions for address allocation, name resolution, service discovery Existing solutions in the Internet depend on infrastructure Judicious use of Multicast/broadcast is needed These goals are similar to what Zero-conf WG is already working on 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 47 Point to ponder Will Zero-conf on top of MANET on top of scatternet construction algorithm solve our problem? Layered and simple, but potential inefficiencies Cross-layer optimizations are worth considering Zero-conf r r r s r r r r MANET Scatternet formation
Slide 48 - Networking over Bluetooth: overview and issues Pravin Bhagwat Mobile Networking Group IBM T. J. Watson Research s s m s http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin pravinb@us.ibm.com IAB Wireless Workshop Feb 29 - March 2, 2000 Sunnyvale, CA 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 2 Bluetooth A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio + baseband at low power & low price point Why not use Wireless LANs? - power - cost 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 3 Value proposition of Bluetooth Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 4 Bluetooth working group history February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba May 1998: The Bluetooth SIG goes “public” July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola February 2000: There are 1,500+ adopters adopters "enjoy" royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology products must pass Bluetooth certification 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 5 New Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 6 Synchronization User benefits Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards Push button synchronization Proximity operation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 7 Cordless Headset User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operation Cordless headset 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 8 Usage scenarios examples Data Access Points Synchronization Headset Conference Table Cordless Computer Business Card Exchange Instant Postcard Computer Speakerphone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 9 Bluetooth Specifications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 10 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Stack A hardware/software/protocol description An application framework RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 11 Interoperability & Profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 12 Technical Overview 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 13 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Radio Specification RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 14 Radio Low Cost Single chip radio (minimize external components) Today’s technology Time divison duplex Low Power Standby modes Sniff, Hold, Park Low voltage RF Robust Operation Fast frequency hopping 1600 hops/sec Strong interference protection Fast ARQ Robust access code Forward header correction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 15 Radio Allow low cost low IF Trade sensitivity for integration One chip radio is possible 0 dBm -20 -70 -91 Tx power Rx power @ 10 cm Rx power @ 10m Noise floor C/I = 21 dB 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 16 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Baseband RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 17 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to lean about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 18 Piconet formation Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 19 Addressing Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) 48 bit IEEE MAC address Active Member address (AM_ADDR) 3 bits active slave address all zero broadcast address Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) 8 bit parked slave address 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 20 Piconet channel m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f2 f3 f4 1600 hops/sec f5 f6 FH/TDD 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 21 Multi slot packets m s1 s2 625 sec f1 f4 f5 f6 FH/TDD Data rate depends on type of packet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 22 Packet Format Access code Header Payload 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2745 bits Synchronization identification Filtering Address Packet Type Flow control ARQ SEQN HEC Error correction 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data Smaller than an ATM cell ! Notice that there is no protocol type field 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 23 Physical Link Types Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link slot reservation at fixed intervals No ARQ, No CRC FEC (optional) 64 Kbps Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link Polling access method ARQ, CRC FEC (optional) Symmetric data rate 108 - 433 Kbps Asymmetric data rate up to 723 Kbps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 24 Mixed Link Example m s1 s2 SCO SCO SCO 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 25 Inter piconet communication Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 26 Scatternet 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 27 Scatternet, scenario 2 How to schedule presence in two piconets? Forwarding delay ? Missed traffic? 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 28 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 29 Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration packet type negotiation power control Security functions Authentication Encryption 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 30 L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group abstraction 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 31 L2CAP Packet Format (CO) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets Minimum MTU is 48 bytes ! default is 672 bytes ! 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 32 L2CAP Packet Format (CL) Length DCID Payload 15 bits 16 bits 0 - 64K bytes Baseband packets PSM 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 33 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP Applications Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link Similar to HDLC For supporting legacy apps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 34 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP Applications 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 35 Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service Establish a separate (non-SDP) connection to user the service 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 36 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP RFCOMM SDP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 37 LAN access point profile Security Authentication Access control Efficiency header and data compression Auto-configuration Lower barrier for deployment Why use PPP? Access Point Baseband LMP L2CAP RFCOMM PPP IP 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 38 Inefficiency of layering Emulation of RS-232 over the Bluetooth radio link could be eliminated Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM rfc 1662 PPP IP Palmtop LAN access point packet oriented packet oriented byte oriented 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 39 Terminate PPP at LAN access point PPP server function at each access point management of user name/password is an issue roaming is not seamless Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet Palmtop Access Point 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 40 L2TP style tunneling Tunneling PPP traffic from access points to the PPP server 1) centralized management of user name/password 2) reduction of processing and state maintenance at each access point 3) seamless roaming radio link RFCOMM PPP IP Palmtop Access Point radio link RFCOMM PPP IP ethernet IP UDP ethernet IP UDP PPP server 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 41 IP over Bluetooth IP based network connectivity peer-to-peer connectivity Internet connectivity for non-PC devices IP over wireless media Decentralized techniques for link formulation, naming, addressing, and routing Investigation of the right design point for running IP over toasters, light switches, & fire alarms Next steps 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 42 Research challenges Techniques for link formation Routing over scatternets Resource Discovery Plug-n-play applications s s m s s s s m s s m s s s m s cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base Internet Will the current solutions for each layer work in this environment? cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set Cordless base 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 43 What is different in this scenario ? Dynamic network Isolated network Simple devices Small, multi-hop networks Connection oriented, low-power link technology Applications ---> services ----> routing ----> link creation cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set cordless base 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 44 Link Formation x7 x8 x6 x4 x3 x5 y2 x2 x1 y1 Low power modes require careful use of broadcast Proximity  Link The problem does not exist in most wired/wireless networks Maintaining connectivity in absence of application traffic seems wasteful Hints from higher layer are needed 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 45 Routing over Scatternets x7 x8 x6 x4 x3 x5 y2 x2 x1 y1 Nodes must co-operate to forward packets (MANET style protocols) Forwarding at Layer 2 or Layer 3? Bridging or routing ? What interface should be exported to the above layer? Better coupling with the service discovery layer is needed 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 46 Service discovery cell phone Palmpilot cable modem PC keyboard mouse head set cordless base Need solutions for address allocation, name resolution, service discovery Existing solutions in the Internet depend on infrastructure Judicious use of Multicast/broadcast is needed These goals are similar to what Zero-conf WG is already working on 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 47 Point to ponder Will Zero-conf on top of MANET on top of scatternet construction algorithm solve our problem? Layered and simple, but potential inefficiencies Cross-layer optimizations are worth considering Zero-conf r r r s r r r r MANET Scatternet formation 02/29/00 P. Bhagwat (IBM Research) 48 Final Remarks Zero-conf and Bluetooth can benefit from each other Similarly, MANET and Bluetooth can also benefit from each other A new working group in IETF for IP over Bluetooth ? Multi-hop wireless networks will force us to re-evaluate our assumptions about network layering. Should IRTF start looking into those issues? http://www.research.ibm.com/people/p/pravin