Nature Birds PowerPoint Presentation

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Birds

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The evolutionary origin of birds has always been a subject of considerable debate. Birds and flying reptiles have delicate, lightweight skeletons which do not fossilize well - hindering studies on how the birds evolved. The first bird fossil to be found was a feather, which was discovered in 1860 in a limestone quarry in Bavaria. The feather was given the name Archaeopteryx, which is Greek for 'ancient feather'. A year later an almost complete skeleton of Archaeopteryx was discovered in the same quarry, with the feathers and other fine structures preserved in minute detail.

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The skeleton showed several features which are intermediate between reptiles and birds, suggesting that Archaeopteryx and the other birds evolved from a dinosaur similar to the Velociraptor featured in the film 'Jurassic Park'. Seven partial or complete Archaeopteryx skeletons have now been found, and they are still among the most famous, and scientifically valuable, fossils.

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Feathers make the bird

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Alabama Birds Checklist of Alabama Birds - Geographical & Seasonal Distribution Alabama Ornithological Society

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Order Gaviiformes Loons Specialized for swimming and diving. Come ashore only to breed. In flight, head lower than body. Wingbeats fast. Eat fish, crustaceans, some water plants.

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Common loon – Gavia immer

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Order Podicipediformes Grebes Swimming and diving birds, smaller than loons. Flat lobes on toes. Short legs far back on body. Flight weak and hurried. Taxi before becoming airborne. Dive and pursue aquatic animals.

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Pied-billed grebe – Podilymbus podiceps

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Order Pelecaniformes Pelicans and their Allies Large, aquatic fish-eating birds with all four toes webbed. Most nest in large colonies and are silent outside breeding grounds.

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American white pelican – Pelecanus erythrorhynchos

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White pelicans in flight.

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Brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis

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Brown pelican diving For fish.

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Double-crested cormorant – Phalacrocorax auritus

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Double-crested cormorant

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Anghinga (snake bird) – Anhinga anhinga

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Order Anseriformes Waterfowl Aquatic, with webs between the three front toes. Long necks and narrow pointed wings. Flattened bills with tooth-like edges that serve as strainers.

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Geese Subfamily Anserinae Tribe Anserini

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Canada goose – Branta canadensis

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Snow goose – Chen caerulescens

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Surface-feeding Ducks (Dabblers) Subfamily Anserinae Tribe Anatini

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Mallard – Anas platyrhynchos

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Summer Distribution Winter Distribution

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Pintail – Anas acuta

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Blue-winged teal Anas discors

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Blue-winged teal

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Green-winged teal – Anas crecca

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Perching or Wood Ducks Subfamily Anserinae Tribe Carinini

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Wood duck (drake) – Aix sponsa

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Female wood duck

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Wood duck distribution

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Bay Ducks (Divers) Subfamily Anatinae Tribe Aythyini

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Redhead – Aythya americana

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Redhead distribution

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Canvasback – Aythya valisneria

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Ring-necked duck – Aythya collaris

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Ring-necked duck distribution

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Lesser scaup – Aythya affinis

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Lesser scaup distribution

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Sea Ducks Subfamily Anatinae Tribe Mergini

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Common goldeneye – Bucephala clangula

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Common goldeneye distribution

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Canvasback distribution

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Bufflehead – Bucephala albeola

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Bufflehead distribution

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Hooded merganser – Lophodytes cucullatus

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Hooded merganser distribution

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Order Falconiformes Eagles, Hawks, Falcons, Vultures Diurnal birds of prey. Strong beaks and talons.

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Turkey vulture – Cathartes aura

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Turkey vulture in flight

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Black vulture – Coragyps atratus

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Vultures (two black, one turkey) feeding on carrion.

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Mississippi kite Ictinia mississippiensis

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Swallow-tailed kit Elanoides forficatus

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Cooper’s hawk Accipiter cooperii

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Cooper’s hawk in flight

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Sharp-shinned and Cooper’s hawks

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Sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus

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Northern harrier – Circus cyaneus

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Red-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis

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Red-tailed hawk in flight

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Red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus

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Red-shouldered hawk in flight

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Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos

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Bald eagle Haliaetus leucocephalus

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Osprey – Pandion haliaetus

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American kestrel – Falco sparverius

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Peregrine falcon- Falco peregrinus

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Order Galliformes Gallinaceous Birds Heavy-bodied, chicken-like land birds. Short, heavy bill. Wings short and rounded. Legs rather long. Flight not fast, but can burst into full flight from a sitting position. Capable runners that forage on the ground. Males of many species have elaborate courtship displays.

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Northern bobwhite – Colinus virginianus

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Male bobwhite

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Wild turkey Meleagris gallopavo

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Order Ciconiiformes Herons and their allies Wading birds with long legs, neck and bill. Most feed on aquatic animal life in shallow water. Some have long plumes in the breeding season. Wings are broad and rounded, tail short.

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Great blue heron Ardea herodius

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Great egret Casmerodius albus

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Snowy egret – Egretta thula

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Cattle egret – Bubuculus ibis

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Little blue heron – Egretta caerulea

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Louisiana heron – Egretta tricolor

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Green heron Butorides striatus

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White ibis – Eudocimus albus

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Wood stork Mycteria americana

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Order Gruiformes Cranes and their Allies Highly diverse group of wading birds with long legs. Other features such as size, body outline, bill shape and neck length are highly variable.

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Sandhill crane Grus canadensis

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Sandhill crane

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Whooping crane Grus americana

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Clapper rail Rallus longirostris

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King rail – Rallus elegans

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Common moorhen – Gallinula chloropus

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Purple gallinule – Porphyrula martinica

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American coot – Fulica americana

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Order Charadriiformes Shorebirds and Gulls Diverse group of wading or swimming birds. mOst are white, gray or brown, with long pointed wings and webbed feet. Highly migratory. Most feed along shores, a few inland.

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Killdeer – Charadrius vociferus

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American woodcock – Scolopax minor

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Common snipe – Gallinago gallinago

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Sanderling – Calidris alba

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Herring gull Larus argentatus

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Laughing gull – Larus atricilla

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Forster’s Tern Sterna forsteri

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Caspian tern – Sterna caspia

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Common tern – Sterna hirundo

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Order Columbiformes Pigeons and Doves Small-headed, short-legged, swift-flying birds with pointed wings and fanned or tapered tails. All species coo, bob heads when walking. Eat grains, small seeds, acorns and fruit.

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Mourning dove – Zenaida macroura

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Rock dove – Columba livia

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Order Strigiformes Owls Large-headed, short-necked birds of prey. Mostly nocturnal. Large eyes are fixed in sockets, so the entire head moves as the bird shifts its gaze. Flat, round or heart-shaped “facial disk” conceals the large external ear flaps. All fly silently, hunting for rodents and other mammals. Calls are distinctive hoots, wails, or whistles.

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Eastern screech owl – Otus asio

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Great horned owl Bubo virginianus

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Barn owl – Tyto alba

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Barn owl

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Barred owl Strix varia

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Order Caprimulgiformes Goatsuckers Nocturnal insect-eaters with large, flat heads, small bills, enormous mouths, and distinctive white patches in the wings and tail. Many are named for their call.

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Chuck-will’s-widow – Caprimulgus carolinensis

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Whip-poor-will – Caprilmulgus vociferus

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Common nighthawk – Chordeiles minor

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Order Apodiformes Swifts and Hummingbirds

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Ruby-throated hummingbird – Archilochus colubris

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Order Coraciiformes Kingfishers Large-headed, short-tailed birds that dive for fish, which they catch with their long sharp beaks. Perch motionless in the open, over water. Short legs.

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Belted kingfisher – Ceryle alcyon

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Order Piciformes Woodpeckers Have a strong bill, sharply pointed for chipping and digging into tree trunks or branches for wood-boring insects. Still tail used as a prop. Most species “drum” on resonant limbs, poles, or drainpipes. Flight is usually undulating, with wings folded against the body after each series of flaps. Usually nest in a cavity chiseled into a large branch or trunk.

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Yellow-shafted flicker Colaptes auratus

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Pileated woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus

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Red-bellied woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus

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Red-headed woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus

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Red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis

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Downy woodpecker Picoides pubescens

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Hairy woodpecker Picoides villosus

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Yellow-bellied sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius

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Order Passeriformes Perching Birds Small to medium land birds. All have feet well adapted for perching: 3 toes in front and 1 long toe behind. Most are singers. Bill shape, feather colors, and habits are most useful for family identification. Most insectivorous species and some seed and fruit eaters are highly migratory.

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Eastern kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus

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The eastern kingbird spends the summer months in North America, and winters in Amazonia.

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Barn swallow Hirudo rustica

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Purple martin – Progne subis

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Blue jay Cyanocitta cristata

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American crow – Corvus brachyrhyncos

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Carolina wren – Thryothorus ludovicianus

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Northern mockingbird – Mimus polyglottus

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Brown thrasher – Toxostoma rufum

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American robin - Turdus migratorius

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Eastern bluebird Siala sialis

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Cedar waxwing – Bombycilla cedrorum

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Loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus

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Red-winged blackbird – Agelaius phoeniceus

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Brown-headed cowbird – Molothrus ater

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Northern cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis

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Black-capped chickadee – Poecile carolinensis

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House finch Carpodacus mexicanus

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Indigo bunting – Passerina cyanea

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Eastern towhee – Pipilo erythrophtalmus

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Sparrows