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NANOTECHNOLOGY: ENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE WIEF FORUM, KUALA LUMPUR / MALAYSIA MEHMET BAYINDIR
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
UNAM-NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER
INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND NANOTEHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
BILKENT UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY Google search: UNAM 6/20/2018 A KEY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OUTLINE 2 6/20/2018 NANOTECHNOLOGY: DEFINITION, EXAMPLES FROM NATURE, REVOLUTION VS EVOLUTION, BEAUTY OF SMALL, SUSTAINLIBILITY, IMPACTS ON SOCEITY (ECONOMY, ETHICS), CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK, CHALLENGES
NANOTECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT: TIMING IS CRITICAL, BASIC RESEARCH, INFRASTRUCTURES AND FUNDING, IP MANAGEMENT, VECTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE
MUSLIM WORLD AT A CROSSROAD: NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH IN OIC COUNTRIES, PROPOSALS FOR ENHANCING THE NETWORKING
TURKEY’S PERSFECTIVE (UNAM): FIRST NATIONAL CENTER, USER FACILITY, INTERDISIPLINARY GRADUATE PROGRAMS, CREATING ENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATION, RESEARCH OUTPUT, FROM LABORATORY INTO MARKET NANOTECHNOLOGY DEFINITION
EXAMPLES FROM NATURE
REVOLUTION VS EVOLUTION
BEAUTY OF SMALL
SUSTAINLIBILITY
IMPACTS ON SOCEITY (ECONOMY, ETHICS)
CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
CHALLENGES NANOTECHNOLOGY: DEFINITION 4 6/20/2018 NANOTECHNOLOGY INVOLVES THE DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION, PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF STRUCTURES, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS BY CONTROLLING SHAPE AND SIZE AT NANOMETRE SCALE (1-100 NM) HUMAN HAIR NANOFIBERS DNA ORIGAMI FROM NATURE: PEACOCK FEATHERS 5 6/20/2018 FROM NATURE: GEOKO 6 6/20/2018 ULTRA‐STICKY FEET NUMBER OF SPATULA IN A FOOT ~1 BILLION
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE IS RESPOSIBLE FOR THE STRONG BINDING WITH SURFACES
A GECKO CAN LIFT 130 KG WEIGTH SPATULA TIME SCALE AIM INFLUENCE TECHNICAL REVOLUTIONS 7 6/20/2018 MODIFIED FROM 1986 NOBEL LAUREATE DR. HENRY ROHRER’S TALK (UNAM, 2010) GEO
REVOLUTION 1492 KILOMETER EXPLORE THE WORLD INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION 1769 MILLIMETER PHYSICAL TASKS MECHANICS ELECTRICITY IT
REVOLUTION 1947 MICROMETER SIMPLE
MENTAL TASKS MICROELECTRONICS
MICROMECHANICS NANO
REVOLUTION 1979 NANOMETER COMPLEX
MENTAL TASKS NANOELECTRONICS
NANOMECHANICS
NANOCHEMISTRY
NANOBIOLOGY NANOTECHNOLOGY CAN NOT BE JUST AN EXTENSION FROM THE MICRO- TO THE NANO-METER SCALE, IT HAS TO OFFER FUNDEMENTALLY NEW PROSPECTS IN ORDER TO SPARK A REVOLUTION NATURE IS THE PERFECT NANO-SYSTEM 8 6/20/2018 NANO IS THE SCALE OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES AND RULES LIVING NATURE
[ MICRO RULES TODAY’S TECHNICAL WORLD ] NATURE IS THE PERFECT NANO-SYSTEM
THE FUNDAMENTAL SHAPES, MOTIONS, PROCESSES HAPPEN TO BE ON THE NM SCALE AND ARE SYNTHEZISED TO MICRO- AND MACRO-
SHAPES, MOTIONS, PROCESSES MODIFIED FROM 1986 NOBEL LAUREATE DR. HENRY ROHRER’S TALK (UNAM, 2010) THE TECHNICAL STRATEGY OF LIVING NATURE IS SENSE & ACTUATE {SMALL BY SMALL}
{WEAK BY WEAK} {MANY BY MANY} NANO: BEAUTY OF SMALL 9 6/20/2018 MODIFIED FROM 1986 NOBEL LAUREATE DR. HENRY ROHRER’S TALK (UNAM, 2010) SMALL IS POWERFUL
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
SMALL IS SUSTAINABLE
LITTLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION
LITTLE BUT BEST SUITED MATERIAL
SMALL FOR EXCELLENT PERFORMANCE SMALLER, FASTER, CHEAPER
SMALL RULES LARGE SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL SO IMPACTS ON SOCEITY (ECONOMY, ETHICS) 10 6/20/2018 IS POPULATION GROWTH SUSTAINABLE?
IS AGING SUSTAINABLE?
HOW WE MANAGE ETHICAL PROBLEMS? THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTO NANOPORE-BASED SENSORS IS TO BE ABLE TO SEQUENCE THE HUMAN GENOME FOR UNDER $1,000. ASSUME THAT WE WILL DEVELOP THIS TECHNOLOGY IN YEAR 2014. WHAT’S NEXT? WE NEED SUSTAINABLE BIO-ECONOMY
BUT HOW? THEN NOT SO EASY QUESTIONS: ? TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: INVESTMENTS 11 6/20/2018 62 COUNTRIES HAVE NANOTECHNOGY PROGRAMS
NUMBERS OF NANOCENTERS EXCEEDS 310 IN THE WORLD
TOTAL INVESTMENT IN THE WORLD: 18 BILLION USD / YEAR 2008
GROWTH RATE: 17% (USA), 27% (REST OF THE WORLD)
ASIA IN THE LEAD SINCE 2006
5.9 B$=1.9B$ (FEDERAL) +2.7B$ (CORPORATE R&D)+1B$ (VENTURE CAP.)
TOTAL INVESTMENT IN TURKEY: ~45 MILLION USD (2006-2010) Total funding for nanotechnology (from all sources, including government, corporate R&D, and venture capital), plotted by year FACTS TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: PUBLICATIONS 12 6/20/2018 The number of nanotechnology papers has grown from about 8,000 in 1991 to about 87,000 in 2009
27 nations in European Union (EU27) leads in number of publications
China’s share of publications in leading journals is increasing at about the same rate as the United States’ share is decreasing
China still lags behind the United States and Europe in publication quality (impact) Total number of nanotechnology publications appearing in the Science Citation Index by year FACTS TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: PUBLICATIONS 13 6/20/2018 Percentage of nanotechnology publications in year 2010 ASIA’S HEAVY INVESTMENT RESULTS IN COMPARABLE HIGH NANOTECHNOLOGY OUTPUTS. TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: PATENTS 14 6/20/2018 Patent activity is a key metric of technology creation Patent filing activity in China rose sharply during the period 2000-2004 and overtook the United States during 2005-2008
China’s patent trends, combined with its expected future economic growth, could afford it widespread nanotechnology protection in one of the world’s largest markets in coming decades FACTS Source: Kisliuk B, USTPO, unpublished study on comparative patent filings, January 2010 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS 15 6/20/2018
Nanotechnology market is growing
An estimated $224 billion worth of final products sold worldwide made some use of nanotechnology components in 2009, up from $135 billion in 2007.
Nanotechnology final products
55% was from the materials and manufacturing industry sector, including products such as automobiles, industrial equipment, and building and construction. These products made use of nanotechnology-based components such as coatings, composites, and electronic components.
32% of the final products were from the electronics and information technology sector, and included items such as mobile devices with displays and antimicrobial coatings enhanced with nanotechnology.
12% of nanotechnology-based products were in the healthcare and life sciences sector, primarily from nano-enabled drug delivery systems
1% of nanotechnology-based products came from the energy and environmental sector and included items such as nano-enabled filtration membranes or batteries. TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS 16 6/20/2018
Signature initiatives that would drive the next 10 years
• Nanomedicine (e.g., imaging, diagnostics and therapeutics; antibiotics; gene regulation);
• Energy storage, generation, and conversion;
• Environmental diagnostics and cleanup;
• Structural and multi-functional nanocomposites;
• Homeland security (e.g., chemical and biological detection and monitoring);
• Manufacturing nanotechnology-based products.
Rapid growth of number of nanotechnology-based products and companies
Explosive growth in energy and environmental applications of nanotechnology
In 2008, this sector accounted for 29 percent of all nanotechnology funding by the Federal Government, 14 percent of all corporate nanotechnology funding, 41 percent of venture capital funding, 21 percent of nanotechnology publications, and 59 percent of all nanotechnology patents CHALLENGES 17 6/20/2018 NANO RESEARCH STILL REQUIRES EXPENSIVE EQUIPMENT
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF NANOPRODUCTS
SUSTAINABLE FUNDING: RAPID COMMERCIALIZATION FOR CONTINOUS FEDERAL AND VENTURE CAPITAL SUPPORTS
NANOMETROLOGY: DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST, RELIABLE INSTRUMENTS
STANDARDIZATION THE CENTRAL CHALLENGE OF NANOSCALE MATERIAL SCIENCE: GROWTH & FABRICATION OF GIVEN STRUCTURES OR COMPONENTS AT GIVEN LOCATIONS FOR GIVEN FUNCTIONS
NANO- INTERFACE: INTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT
CONNECTING NANOSTRUCTURE TO MACRO & MICRO SCALE COMPONENTS
NANOTECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT TIMING IS CRITICAL
TARGETED BASIC RESEARCH
INFRASTRUCTURES AND FUNDING
IP MANAGEMENT
VECTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE A KEY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 19 6/20/2018 TARGETED BASIC RESEARCH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT SUSTAINABLE FUNDING CONSTRUCTING INFRASTRUCTURES EARLY INVESTMENT IN NANOTECHNOLOGY AS A REVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH AREA IS AN OPTION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR A COUNTRY VENTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT INTERNATIONAL NETWORKING ETHICAL
ISSUES RESEARCHERS
ENGINEERS
TECHNICIANS INTERDISCIPLINARY BEHAVIOUR PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT MUSLIM WORLD
AT A CROSSROAD NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH IN OIC COUNTRIES
PROPOSALS FOR ENHANCING THE NETWORKING TRENDS IN OIC COUNTRIES 21 6/20/2018 GOVERNMENTS SUPPORT DRIVES NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH OUTPUTS IN LEADING OIC COUNTRIES TURKEY IRAN S. ARABIA NANOPHOTONICS
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
ENERGY STORAGE
NANOMATERIALS (3)
NANOSCALE SENSOR
NANOCATALYSTS
BIOTECHNOLOGY NANOPARTICLES (5)
NANOFIBERS
NANOFLUIDS (2)
NANOTUBES (2) NANOPARTICLES (5)
NANOFILTRATION (2)
NANOCRYSTALS
BIO SENSOR
NANOCATALYSTS NANOMATERIALS FOCUS DIVERSE FIELDS NANOMATERIALS FOCUS NUMBER OF PAPERS: 1665
IMPACT: H-INDEX=45
CITATION/PAPER=7.6 NUMBER OF PAPERS: 5487
IMPACT: H-INDEX=40
CITATION/PAPER=2.7 NUMBER OF PAPERS: 602
IMPACT: H-INDEX=18
CITATION/PAPER=2.6 SINGAPORE
NUMBER OF PAPERS: 5493
IMPACT: H-INDEX=114
CITATION/PAPER=15.0 PROPOSAL 1 22 6/20/2018 ESTABLISHING A WORLD-CLASS NANOTECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE GRADUATE PROGRAMS: RAISING OUR FUTURE NANOSCIENTISTS
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) OFFICE
START-UP COMPANIES: VENTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT
ENHANCESING COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN OIC MEMBER COUNTRIES BUDGET: 30 MILLION USD FOR INFOSTRUCTURE
100 MILLION USD FOR EQUIPMENTS
10-20 MILLION USD FOR YEARLY RUNNING COST HUMAN RESOURCES: 1,000 PHD STUDENTS
200 POST-DOCS
500 RESEARCHERS (200+300)
100 HIGH-TECH COMPANIES PROPOSAL 2 23 6/20/2018 LONG-TERM SCIENTIST EXCHANGE BETWEEN EXISTING NANOCENTERS 12-24 MONTHS
TARGETED RESEARCH AREAS
FINANCIAL SUPPORT (SALARY, RESEARCH GRANTS, EQUIPMENT USAGE FEE)
UNAM CAN HOST 20-30 SCIENTISTS/YEAR BUDGET: 50,000-100,000 USD / PER PERSON PROPOSAL 3 24 6/20/2018 SHARING EXPERTISE BETWEEN THE EXISTING NANOCENTERS TRAINING OF TECHNICIAN (TEM, FIB, SEM, XPS, AFM, …)
CLEAN ROOM TRAINING
4-6 WEEKS SHORT VISITS
FOCUSED WORKSHOPS FOR TECHNICIANS BUDGET: 5,000-10,000 USD / PER PERSON PROPOSAL 4 25 6/20/2018 NANOTECHNOLOGY COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH PROJECTS AT LEAST 3 DIFFERENT OIC MEMBERS SHOULD PARTICIPATE
TARGETED RESEARCH FIELDS
PARTIALY SUPPORTED BY HIGH-TECH COMPANIES
EU FP7 FRAMEWORK HAS SIMILAR PROJECTS BUDGET: 1,000,000-5,000,000 USD / PER PROJECT PROPOSAL 5 26 6/20/2018 SUPPORTING INDIVIDUAL SCIENTIST TO USE EXISTING NANOCENTERS SHORT TERM VISITS (1-2 WEEKS)
PHD STUDENTS, RESEARCHERS
TRAVEL , ACCOMMODATION, CONSUMABLE, NANOCENTER USAGE FEE BUDGET: 5,000-10,000 USD / PER PERSON TURKEY’S PERSFECTIVE
UNAM FIRST NATIONAL CENTER
USER FACILITY
INTERDISIPLINARY GRADUATE PROGRAMS
CREATING ENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATION
RESEARCH OUTPUT
FROM LABORATORY INTO MARKET NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER 28 6/20/2018 History: 2006 - 2010
Total laboratory and office space: 9000 m2
Number of laboratories: 62
Number of researchers: +250 (600, in 3 years)
Total investment: 50 Million $
Number of users: +450 (Universities, Industry, International) FIRST NATIONAL CENTER INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 29 6/20/2018 ~100 Graduate Students (400 in 3 years) NANOTECHNOLOGY EDUCATION: MS & PHD PROGRAMS
RAISING OUR FUTURE NANOTECHNOLOGY EXPERTS UNAM LABORATORIES 30 6/20/2018 BASEMENT LEVEL GROUND LEVEL 1. FLOOR 2. FLOOR 3. FLOOR 4. FLOOR 5. FLOOR IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZATION CLEANROOM: MICRO- & NANO-FABRICATION LASER AND SPECTROSCOPY NANO-OPTICS, -PHOTONICS, -ELECTRONICS NANOMATERIALS NANOCHEMISTRY NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY UNAM LABORATORIES 31 6/20/2018 +150 Equipments STATE-OF-THE-ART EQUIPMENTS INVENTORY
WORLD-CLASS EXPERTS UNAM LABORATORIES 32 6/20/2018 Nanochemisty Nanobiotechnology 62 LABORATORIES INCLUDING NANOMATERIALS, FUNCTIONAL TEXTILE, MEMS/NEMS SENSORS, MOLECULAR NANOTECHNOLOGY, PHOTOVOLTAICS IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZATION 33 6/20/2018 TEM SEM E-BEAM DUAL-BEAM IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZATION 34 6/20/2018 XPS MICROTOME AFM NMR IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZATION 35 6/20/2018 MPD MRD SNOM AFM UNAM CLEANROOM 36 6/20/2018 400 m2, 10, 100 & 1000 CLASSES UNAM CLEANROOM: FLOOR PLAN 37 6/20/2018 1 Mask writer
2 Furnaces
3 Mask aligner I
4 Mask aligner II
5 Bench I
6 ALD I
7 ALD II
8 LPCVD
9 RTA
10 ICP I
11 ICP II
12 Asher
13 Workstation I
14 Workstation I
15 PECVD
16 Sputtering
17 E-beam
18 Thermal Evap.
19 Bench II
20 Bench III 21 Bench IV
22 Critical P. D.
23 Dicing saw
24 Organic evap.
25 Semiconductor P. A. 26 MOCVD
27 Optical microscope
28 Stylus profilometer
29 Optical profilometer
30 Network analyzer 31 Probe station I
32 Probe station II
33 E-Beam writer
34 SEM UNAM IN 2015? 38 6/20/2018 INFRASTRUCTURE:
INVESTMENT OVER 100 MILLION USD
70 LABORATORIES WITH 300 EQUIPMENTS
WORKFORCE:
100 RESEARCHERS
400 GRADUATE STUDENTS
50 ENGINEERS AND TECHNICIANS
10 STAFF
50 USERS (DAILY)
USER FACILITY:
TOTAL NUMBER OF USERS FROM TURKEY: 1000
TOTAL NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL USERS: 250
RESEARCH OUTPUT:
70 MILLION USD NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL GRANTS (YEARLY)
400 PUBLICATIONS PER YEAR IN LEADING SCI JOURNALS
50 PATENT APPLICATIONS PER YEAR
30 START-UP COMPANIES ESTABLISHING NATIONAL CENTER CONCEPT IN TURKEY 39 6/20/2018 CUTTING EDGE BASIC RESEARH
[ MANPOWER, INFRASTRUCTURE, FUNDING ] RAISING FUTURE NANOSCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS
[ GRADUATE PROGRAMS, WORKSHOPS ] USER FACILITY (365/24 )
[ ENGINEERS, ACADEMIC SUPPORT, TRAINING ] TRANSFER RESEARCH OUTPUT INTO MARKET
[ SART-UP COMPANIES, IP MANAGENENT, CONSULTING, INDUSTRY PROJECTS ] IMPACT: PUBLICATIONS IN HIGH-QUALITY JOURNALS 40 6/20/2018 A NEW NANOFABRICATION TECHNIQUE 41 6/20/2018 BAYINDIR RESEARCH GROUP NANOWIRES WITHOUT END 42 6/20/2018 ULTIMATE SIZE REDUCTION
KILOMETER-LONG NANOSTRUCTURES
A NEW TOP-TO-BOTTOM SCHEME IN NANOTECHNOLOGY CREATING FAVORABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATION 43 6/20/2018 TARGETED RESEARCH AREAS NANOTECHNOLOGY BASIC RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LARGE-SCALE COMPANIES START-UP COMPANIES VENTURE CAPITAL GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GRADUATE PROGRAMS FUNDING FUNDING
GOVERNMENT
INDUSTRY
EUROPEAN UNION UNAM CASE UNAM-ORIGINATED START-UP COMPANIES 44 6/20/2018 FIRST PRODUCT SOLD ! FROM LABORATORY TO MARKET WITHIN 2 YEARS OUTLINE 45 6/20/2018 NANOTECHNOLOGY: DEFINITION, EXAMPLES FROM NATURE, REVOLUTION VS EVOLUTION, BEAUTY OF SMALL, SUSTAINLIBILITY, IMPACTS ON SOCEITY (ECONOMY, ETHICS), CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK, CHALLENGES
NANOTECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT: TIMING IS CRITICAL, BASIC RESEARCH, INFRASTRUCTURES AND FUNDING, IP MANAGEMENT, VECTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE
MUSLIM WORLD AT A CROSSROAD: NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH IN OIC COUNTRIES, PROPOSALS FOR ENHANCING THE NETWORKING
TURKEY’S PERSFECTIVE (UNAM): FIRST NATIONAL CENTER, USER FACILITY, INTERDISIPLINARY GRADUATE PROGRAMS, CREATING ENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATION, RESEARCH OUTPUT, FROM LABORATORY INTO MARKET PEPTIDE NANOFIBERS 46 6/20/2018 50 nm Heparin Mimetic Peptide Nanofibers Promote Angiogenesis Peptitde nanofibers promote faster wound healing at in vivo model In vivo angiogenesis was promoted by
Biomimetic peptide nanofibers R. Mammadov, B. Mammadov, S. Toksoz, B. Aydin, R. Yagci, A. B. Tekinay, and M. O. Guler, “Heparin Mimetic Peptide Nanofibers Promote Angiogenesis”, 2011, Biomacromolecules, DOI: 10.1021/bm200957s.
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