X

Download Investigating Seasonal Drug Resistance in Malaria PowerPoint Presentation

SlidesFinder-Advertising-Design.jpg

Login   OR  Register
X


Iframe embed code :



Presentation url :

Home / Health & Wellness / Health & Wellness Presentations / Investigating Seasonal Drug Resistance in Malaria PowerPoint Presentation

Investigating Seasonal Drug Resistance in Malaria PowerPoint Presentation

Ppt Presentation Embed Code   Zoom Ppt Presentation

PowerPoint is the world's most popular presentation software which can let you create professional Investigating Seasonal Drug Resistance in Malaria powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. This helps you give your presentation on Investigating Seasonal Drug Resistance in Malaria in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations.

The uploader spent his/her valuable time to create this Investigating Seasonal Drug Resistance in Malaria powerpoint presentation slides, to share his/her useful content with the world. This ppt presentation uploaded by worldwideweb in Health & Wellness ppt presentation category is available for free download,and can be used according to your industries like finance, marketing, education, health and many more.

About This Presentation

Slide 1 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman
Slide 2 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg
Slide 3 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg
Slide 4 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals
Slide 5 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model.
Slide 6 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site.
Slide 7 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data
Slide 8 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data 2. Ask students to build a table of data from a CQ resistance map and then create a bubble graph of malaria cases per 100000—reported versus resistance prevalence http://www.wwarn.org/resistance/explorer Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network
Slide 9 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data 2. Ask students to build a table of data from a CQ resistance map and then create a bubble graph of malaria cases per 100000—reported versus resistance prevalence http://www.wwarn.org/resistance/explorer Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network Provide some data on CQ resistance and loss of it in Malawi. (from Kublin et al., 2003) Do a Know/Need to Know exercise Self awareness of learning Making a learning plan
Slide 10 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data 2. Ask students to build a table of data from a CQ resistance map and then create a bubble graph of malaria cases per 100000—reported versus resistance prevalence http://www.wwarn.org/resistance/explorer Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network Provide some data on CQ resistance and loss of it in Malawi. (from Kublin et al., 2003) Do a Know/Need to Know exercise Self awareness of learning Making a learning plan Introduce Modeling Heme 1.1 Excel-based pop. genetics simulation, customized to life cycle of P. falciparum • 75-day rainy season; 290-day dry season • Transmission & treatment only during 1 life stage, only in rainy season • R allele = CQ-resistant, S allele = susceptible (haploid!) • R also has a fitness cost
Slide 11 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data 2. Ask students to build a table of data from a CQ resistance map and then create a bubble graph of malaria cases per 100000—reported versus resistance prevalence http://www.wwarn.org/resistance/explorer Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network Provide some data on CQ resistance and loss of it in Malawi. (from Kublin et al., 2003) Do a Know/Need to Know exercise Self awareness of learning Making a learning plan Introduce Modeling Heme 1.1 Excel-based pop. genetics simulation, customized to life cycle of P. falciparum • 75-day rainy season; 290-day dry season • Transmission & treatment only during 1 life stage, only in rainy season • R allele = CQ-resistant, S allele = susceptible (haploid!) • R also has a fitness cost Parameters • Relative fitness costs & benefits of resistance • % of population receiving CQ before and after changes in treatment policy Use published values OR estimate by fitting model to published data
Slide 12 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data 2. Ask students to build a table of data from a CQ resistance map and then create a bubble graph of malaria cases per 100000—reported versus resistance prevalence http://www.wwarn.org/resistance/explorer Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network Provide some data on CQ resistance and loss of it in Malawi. (from Kublin et al., 2003) Do a Know/Need to Know exercise Self awareness of learning Making a learning plan Introduce Modeling Heme 1.1 Excel-based pop. genetics simulation, customized to life cycle of P. falciparum • 75-day rainy season; 290-day dry season • Transmission & treatment only during 1 life stage, only in rainy season • R allele = CQ-resistant, S allele = susceptible (haploid!) • R also has a fitness cost Parameters • Relative fitness costs & benefits of resistance • % of population receiving CQ before and after changes in treatment policy Use published values OR estimate by fitting model to published data Design your own experiment Communication Literacy Activity Describe the characteristics of primary literature Peer review (in a peer reviewed journal) Own work Ask students to find an article describing some aspect of malarial resistance Submit to instructor before class since do not want all to use the same article Students summarize the article in classroom presentation. Use some of the data in article to develop a hypothesis for Heme model later.
Slide 13 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data 2. Ask students to build a table of data from a CQ resistance map and then create a bubble graph of malaria cases per 100000—reported versus resistance prevalence http://www.wwarn.org/resistance/explorer Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network Provide some data on CQ resistance and loss of it in Malawi. (from Kublin et al., 2003) Do a Know/Need to Know exercise Self awareness of learning Making a learning plan Introduce Modeling Heme 1.1 Excel-based pop. genetics simulation, customized to life cycle of P. falciparum • 75-day rainy season; 290-day dry season • Transmission & treatment only during 1 life stage, only in rainy season • R allele = CQ-resistant, S allele = susceptible (haploid!) • R also has a fitness cost Parameters • Relative fitness costs & benefits of resistance • % of population receiving CQ before and after changes in treatment policy Use published values OR estimate by fitting model to published data Design your own experiment Communication Literacy Activity Describe the characteristics of primary literature Peer review (in a peer reviewed journal) Own work Ask students to find an article describing some aspect of malarial resistance Submit to instructor before class since do not want all to use the same article Students summarize the article in classroom presentation. Use some of the data in article to develop a hypothesis for Heme model later. Sample Data Sources The malaria arena is rich with many forms of data such as: Data on prevalence, resistance, risk, climate, seasonality as numeric data or maps Models Genetic information, i.e., resistant genes sequences that could be used in bioinformatics problems similar to Plasmodium Problem Space
Slide 14 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data 2. Ask students to build a table of data from a CQ resistance map and then create a bubble graph of malaria cases per 100000—reported versus resistance prevalence http://www.wwarn.org/resistance/explorer Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network Provide some data on CQ resistance and loss of it in Malawi. (from Kublin et al., 2003) Do a Know/Need to Know exercise Self awareness of learning Making a learning plan Introduce Modeling Heme 1.1 Excel-based pop. genetics simulation, customized to life cycle of P. falciparum • 75-day rainy season; 290-day dry season • Transmission & treatment only during 1 life stage, only in rainy season • R allele = CQ-resistant, S allele = susceptible (haploid!) • R also has a fitness cost Parameters • Relative fitness costs & benefits of resistance • % of population receiving CQ before and after changes in treatment policy Use published values OR estimate by fitting model to published data Design your own experiment Communication Literacy Activity Describe the characteristics of primary literature Peer review (in a peer reviewed journal) Own work Ask students to find an article describing some aspect of malarial resistance Submit to instructor before class since do not want all to use the same article Students summarize the article in classroom presentation. Use some of the data in article to develop a hypothesis for Heme model later. Sample Data Sources The malaria arena is rich with many forms of data such as: Data on prevalence, resistance, risk, climate, seasonality as numeric data or maps Models Genetic information, i.e., resistant genes sequences that could be used in bioinformatics problems similar to Plasmodium Problem Space Articles
Slide 15 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data 2. Ask students to build a table of data from a CQ resistance map and then create a bubble graph of malaria cases per 100000—reported versus resistance prevalence http://www.wwarn.org/resistance/explorer Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network Provide some data on CQ resistance and loss of it in Malawi. (from Kublin et al., 2003) Do a Know/Need to Know exercise Self awareness of learning Making a learning plan Introduce Modeling Heme 1.1 Excel-based pop. genetics simulation, customized to life cycle of P. falciparum • 75-day rainy season; 290-day dry season • Transmission & treatment only during 1 life stage, only in rainy season • R allele = CQ-resistant, S allele = susceptible (haploid!) • R also has a fitness cost Parameters • Relative fitness costs & benefits of resistance • % of population receiving CQ before and after changes in treatment policy Use published values OR estimate by fitting model to published data Design your own experiment Communication Literacy Activity Describe the characteristics of primary literature Peer review (in a peer reviewed journal) Own work Ask students to find an article describing some aspect of malarial resistance Submit to instructor before class since do not want all to use the same article Students summarize the article in classroom presentation. Use some of the data in article to develop a hypothesis for Heme model later. Sample Data Sources The malaria arena is rich with many forms of data such as: Data on prevalence, resistance, risk, climate, seasonality as numeric data or maps Models Genetic information, i.e., resistant genes sequences that could be used in bioinformatics problems similar to Plasmodium Problem Space Articles Extension: Other Mapping Sites Use the maps to find out information: Incidence of malaria in Kenya Temperature and Precipitation in Kenya Resistance to Chloroquine in Kenya Use maps to generate hypotheses and explanations.
Slide 16 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data 2. Ask students to build a table of data from a CQ resistance map and then create a bubble graph of malaria cases per 100000—reported versus resistance prevalence http://www.wwarn.org/resistance/explorer Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network Provide some data on CQ resistance and loss of it in Malawi. (from Kublin et al., 2003) Do a Know/Need to Know exercise Self awareness of learning Making a learning plan Introduce Modeling Heme 1.1 Excel-based pop. genetics simulation, customized to life cycle of P. falciparum • 75-day rainy season; 290-day dry season • Transmission & treatment only during 1 life stage, only in rainy season • R allele = CQ-resistant, S allele = susceptible (haploid!) • R also has a fitness cost Parameters • Relative fitness costs & benefits of resistance • % of population receiving CQ before and after changes in treatment policy Use published values OR estimate by fitting model to published data Design your own experiment Communication Literacy Activity Describe the characteristics of primary literature Peer review (in a peer reviewed journal) Own work Ask students to find an article describing some aspect of malarial resistance Submit to instructor before class since do not want all to use the same article Students summarize the article in classroom presentation. Use some of the data in article to develop a hypothesis for Heme model later. Sample Data Sources The malaria arena is rich with many forms of data such as: Data on prevalence, resistance, risk, climate, seasonality as numeric data or maps Models Genetic information, i.e., resistant genes sequences that could be used in bioinformatics problems similar to Plasmodium Problem Space Articles Extension: Other Mapping Sites Use the maps to find out information: Incidence of malaria in Kenya Temperature and Precipitation in Kenya Resistance to Chloroquine in Kenya Use maps to generate hypotheses and explanations. Data sets http://www.mara.org.za/popatrisk.htm This is populations at risk. Table exportable to excel
Slide 17 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data 2. Ask students to build a table of data from a CQ resistance map and then create a bubble graph of malaria cases per 100000—reported versus resistance prevalence http://www.wwarn.org/resistance/explorer Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network Provide some data on CQ resistance and loss of it in Malawi. (from Kublin et al., 2003) Do a Know/Need to Know exercise Self awareness of learning Making a learning plan Introduce Modeling Heme 1.1 Excel-based pop. genetics simulation, customized to life cycle of P. falciparum • 75-day rainy season; 290-day dry season • Transmission & treatment only during 1 life stage, only in rainy season • R allele = CQ-resistant, S allele = susceptible (haploid!) • R also has a fitness cost Parameters • Relative fitness costs & benefits of resistance • % of population receiving CQ before and after changes in treatment policy Use published values OR estimate by fitting model to published data Design your own experiment Communication Literacy Activity Describe the characteristics of primary literature Peer review (in a peer reviewed journal) Own work Ask students to find an article describing some aspect of malarial resistance Submit to instructor before class since do not want all to use the same article Students summarize the article in classroom presentation. Use some of the data in article to develop a hypothesis for Heme model later. Sample Data Sources The malaria arena is rich with many forms of data such as: Data on prevalence, resistance, risk, climate, seasonality as numeric data or maps Models Genetic information, i.e., resistant genes sequences that could be used in bioinformatics problems similar to Plasmodium Problem Space Articles Extension: Other Mapping Sites Use the maps to find out information: Incidence of malaria in Kenya Temperature and Precipitation in Kenya Resistance to Chloroquine in Kenya Use maps to generate hypotheses and explanations. Data sets http://www.mara.org.za/popatrisk.htm This is populations at risk. Table exportable to excel Resistance Gene to CQ: Pfcrt 76T >gi|18542431|gb|AF468006.1| Plasmodium falciparum isolate TM6 putative chloroquine resistance transporter mRNA, complete cdsATGAAATTCGCAAGTAAAAAAAATAATCAAAAAAATTCAAGCAAAAATGACGAGCGTTATAGAGAATTAGATAATTTAGTACAAGAAGGAAATGGCTCACGTTTAGGTGGAGGTTCTTGTCTTGGTAAATGTGCTCATGTGTTTAAACTTATTTTTAAAGAGATTAAGGATAATATTTTTATTTATATTTTAAGTATTATTTATTTAAGTGTATGTGTAATTGAAACAATTTTTGCTAAAAGAACTTTAAACAAAATTGGTAACTATAGTTTTGTAACATCCGAAACTCACAACTTTATTTGTATGATTATGTTCTTTATTGTTTATTCCTTATTTGGAAATAAAAAGGGAAATTCAAAAGAACGACGCCGAAGCTTTAATTTACAATTTTTTGCTATATCCATGTTAGATGCCTGTTCAGTCATTTTGGCCTTCATAGGTCTTACAAGAACTACTGGAAATATCCAATCATTTGTTCTTCAATTAAGTATTCCTATTAATATGTTCTTCTGCTTTTTAATATTAAGATATAGATATCACTTATACAATTATCTCGGAGCAGTTATTATTGTTGTAACAATAGCTCTTGTAGAAATGAAATTATCTTTTGAAGCACAAGAAGAAAATTCTATCATATTTAATCTTGTCTTAATTAGTTCCTTAATTCCTGTATGCTTTTCAAACATGACAAGGGAAATAGTTTTTAAAAAATATAAGATTGACATTTTAAGATTAAATGCTATGGTATCCTTTTTCCAATTGTTCACTTCTTGTCTTATATTACCTGTATACACCCTTCCATTTTTAAAAGAACTTCATTTACCATATAATGAAATATGGACAAATATAAAAAATGGTTTCGCATGTTTATTCTTGGGAAGAAACACAGTCGTAGAGAATTGTGGTCTTGGTATGGCTAAGTTATGTGATGATTGTGACGGAGCATGGAAAACCTTCGCATTGTTTTCCTTCTTTAGCATTTGTGATAATTTAATAACCAGCTATATTATCGACAAATTTTCTACCATGACATATACTATTGTTAGTTGTATACAAGGTCCAGCAATAGCAATTGCTTATTACTTTAAATTCTTAGCCGGTGATGTTGTAATAGAACCAAGATTATTAGATTTCGTAACTTTGTTTGGCTACCTATTTGGTTCTATAATTTACCGTGTAGGAAATATTATCTTAGAAAGAAAAAAAATGAGAAATGAAGAAAATGAAGATTCCGAAGGAGAATTAACCAACGTCGATTCAATTATTACACAATAA You Know What To Do!!!!!
Slide 18 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data 2. Ask students to build a table of data from a CQ resistance map and then create a bubble graph of malaria cases per 100000—reported versus resistance prevalence http://www.wwarn.org/resistance/explorer Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network Provide some data on CQ resistance and loss of it in Malawi. (from Kublin et al., 2003) Do a Know/Need to Know exercise Self awareness of learning Making a learning plan Introduce Modeling Heme 1.1 Excel-based pop. genetics simulation, customized to life cycle of P. falciparum • 75-day rainy season; 290-day dry season • Transmission & treatment only during 1 life stage, only in rainy season • R allele = CQ-resistant, S allele = susceptible (haploid!) • R also has a fitness cost Parameters • Relative fitness costs & benefits of resistance • % of population receiving CQ before and after changes in treatment policy Use published values OR estimate by fitting model to published data Design your own experiment Communication Literacy Activity Describe the characteristics of primary literature Peer review (in a peer reviewed journal) Own work Ask students to find an article describing some aspect of malarial resistance Submit to instructor before class since do not want all to use the same article Students summarize the article in classroom presentation. Use some of the data in article to develop a hypothesis for Heme model later. Sample Data Sources The malaria arena is rich with many forms of data such as: Data on prevalence, resistance, risk, climate, seasonality as numeric data or maps Models Genetic information, i.e., resistant genes sequences that could be used in bioinformatics problems similar to Plasmodium Problem Space Articles Extension: Other Mapping Sites Use the maps to find out information: Incidence of malaria in Kenya Temperature and Precipitation in Kenya Resistance to Chloroquine in Kenya Use maps to generate hypotheses and explanations. Data sets http://www.mara.org.za/popatrisk.htm This is populations at risk. Table exportable to excel Resistance Gene to CQ: Pfcrt 76T >gi|18542431|gb|AF468006.1| Plasmodium falciparum isolate TM6 putative chloroquine resistance transporter mRNA, complete cdsATGAAATTCGCAAGTAAAAAAAATAATCAAAAAAATTCAAGCAAAAATGACGAGCGTTATAGAGAATTAGATAATTTAGTACAAGAAGGAAATGGCTCACGTTTAGGTGGAGGTTCTTGTCTTGGTAAATGTGCTCATGTGTTTAAACTTATTTTTAAAGAGATTAAGGATAATATTTTTATTTATATTTTAAGTATTATTTATTTAAGTGTATGTGTAATTGAAACAATTTTTGCTAAAAGAACTTTAAACAAAATTGGTAACTATAGTTTTGTAACATCCGAAACTCACAACTTTATTTGTATGATTATGTTCTTTATTGTTTATTCCTTATTTGGAAATAAAAAGGGAAATTCAAAAGAACGACGCCGAAGCTTTAATTTACAATTTTTTGCTATATCCATGTTAGATGCCTGTTCAGTCATTTTGGCCTTCATAGGTCTTACAAGAACTACTGGAAATATCCAATCATTTGTTCTTCAATTAAGTATTCCTATTAATATGTTCTTCTGCTTTTTAATATTAAGATATAGATATCACTTATACAATTATCTCGGAGCAGTTATTATTGTTGTAACAATAGCTCTTGTAGAAATGAAATTATCTTTTGAAGCACAAGAAGAAAATTCTATCATATTTAATCTTGTCTTAATTAGTTCCTTAATTCCTGTATGCTTTTCAAACATGACAAGGGAAATAGTTTTTAAAAAATATAAGATTGACATTTTAAGATTAAATGCTATGGTATCCTTTTTCCAATTGTTCACTTCTTGTCTTATATTACCTGTATACACCCTTCCATTTTTAAAAGAACTTCATTTACCATATAATGAAATATGGACAAATATAAAAAATGGTTTCGCATGTTTATTCTTGGGAAGAAACACAGTCGTAGAGAATTGTGGTCTTGGTATGGCTAAGTTATGTGATGATTGTGACGGAGCATGGAAAACCTTCGCATTGTTTTCCTTCTTTAGCATTTGTGATAATTTAATAACCAGCTATATTATCGACAAATTTTCTACCATGACATATACTATTGTTAGTTGTATACAAGGTCCAGCAATAGCAATTGCTTATTACTTTAAATTCTTAGCCGGTGATGTTGTAATAGAACCAAGATTATTAGATTTCGTAACTTTGTTTGGCTACCTATTTGGTTCTATAATTTACCGTGTAGGAAATATTATCTTAGAAAGAAAAAAAATGAGAAATGAAGAAAATGAAGATTCCGAAGGAGAATTAACCAACGTCGATTCAATTATTACACAATAA You Know What To Do!!!!! Bibliography (partial)
Slide 19 - Investigating Drug Resistance in Malaria Anton E. Weisstein Joyce V. Cadwallader Margaret A.Waterman Scientific Roots of this Problem Space Malaria can be seasonal, with precipitation playing a key role. East Africa has significant wet and dry seasons. Mosquito populations increase during wet seasons. Chloroquine was the drug of choice, but resistance developed. Resistance decreased as other drugs were used. This suggests that resistance carries a cost to fitness of Plasmodium falciparum http://www.mara.org.za/images/picseas.gif https://www.vectorbase.org/sites/default/files/ftp/an_gambiae.png http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/gifs/Chloroquine.jpg Background: Common Malaria Drugs Chloroquine (CQ): The most commonly used to prevent and treat before 1993 inhibits the conversion of heme (toxic to malaria parasite) to hemozoin thus allowing the toxicity to increase in the cell and lysis to occur releasing sporozoites. In the late 1970’s resistance was detected. 1993 most countries stop CQ as drug or primary drug Sulfadoxine Pyrimethanime (SP): A combination of containing sulfonamide antibacterial and the antiparasitic pyrimethanime Both inhibit folic acid synthesis and work synergistically to deprive the parasite of this needed nutrient. Resistance becoming widespread. http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/images/chloroquine.gif http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/image.cfm?archiveid=86578&type=img&name=fansidar-image01.jpg Transdisciplinary Approach to PS Curriculum Tools Data Resources Quantitative and scientific thinking goals Objectives of Problem Space Quantitative and scientific reasoning: Modeling and simulation. The model allows students to test hypotheses by designing experiments and manipulating variables to investigate selection under different climate conditions The frequency changes of the resistant allele (outcome of the model) will then be interpreted by the students from graphic displays of the model simulation. Critiquing the model in terms of its capabilities and limitations engages students in both the scientific process and reasoning. Use of data Students will use maps of climate data and incidence of malaria and resistance in their hypothesis formation and interpretation of data, as well as population risk data and bioinformatic data. Communication literacy: students will use primary literature to find parameters for hypothesis formation and testing with the model. General Introduction to Malaria One of the scourges of humankind is the disease Malaria. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated that 216 million people were infected with malaria and 655,000 died. For understanding the basics of the malaria parasite and disease, go to the Plasmodium Problem Space or CDC Malaria site. Introduction to the Malaria Resistance Curriculum and Problem Space Use Gapminder tool to show global malaria prevalence as affected by poverty. Concept of correlation Interpreting graphs, using data 2. Ask students to build a table of data from a CQ resistance map and then create a bubble graph of malaria cases per 100000—reported versus resistance prevalence http://www.wwarn.org/resistance/explorer Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network Provide some data on CQ resistance and loss of it in Malawi. (from Kublin et al., 2003) Do a Know/Need to Know exercise Self awareness of learning Making a learning plan Introduce Modeling Heme 1.1 Excel-based pop. genetics simulation, customized to life cycle of P. falciparum • 75-day rainy season; 290-day dry season • Transmission & treatment only during 1 life stage, only in rainy season • R allele = CQ-resistant, S allele = susceptible (haploid!) • R also has a fitness cost Parameters • Relative fitness costs & benefits of resistance • % of population receiving CQ before and after changes in treatment policy Use published values OR estimate by fitting model to published data Design your own experiment Communication Literacy Activity Describe the characteristics of primary literature Peer review (in a peer reviewed journal) Own work Ask students to find an article describing some aspect of malarial resistance Submit to instructor before class since do not want all to use the same article Students summarize the article in classroom presentation. Use some of the data in article to develop a hypothesis for Heme model later. Sample Data Sources The malaria arena is rich with many forms of data such as: Data on prevalence, resistance, risk, climate, seasonality as numeric data or maps Models Genetic information, i.e., resistant genes sequences that could be used in bioinformatics problems similar to Plasmodium Problem Space Articles Extension: Other Mapping Sites Use the maps to find out information: Incidence of malaria in Kenya Temperature and Precipitation in Kenya Resistance to Chloroquine in Kenya Use maps to generate hypotheses and explanations. Data sets http://www.mara.org.za/popatrisk.htm This is populations at risk. Table exportable to excel Resistance Gene to CQ: Pfcrt 76T >gi|18542431|gb|AF468006.1| Plasmodium falciparum isolate TM6 putative chloroquine resistance transporter mRNA, complete cdsATGAAATTCGCAAGTAAAAAAAATAATCAAAAAAATTCAAGCAAAAATGACGAGCGTTATAGAGAATTAGATAATTTAGTACAAGAAGGAAATGGCTCACGTTTAGGTGGAGGTTCTTGTCTTGGTAAATGTGCTCATGTGTTTAAACTTATTTTTAAAGAGATTAAGGATAATATTTTTATTTATATTTTAAGTATTATTTATTTAAGTGTATGTGTAATTGAAACAATTTTTGCTAAAAGAACTTTAAACAAAATTGGTAACTATAGTTTTGTAACATCCGAAACTCACAACTTTATTTGTATGATTATGTTCTTTATTGTTTATTCCTTATTTGGAAATAAAAAGGGAAATTCAAAAGAACGACGCCGAAGCTTTAATTTACAATTTTTTGCTATATCCATGTTAGATGCCTGTTCAGTCATTTTGGCCTTCATAGGTCTTACAAGAACTACTGGAAATATCCAATCATTTGTTCTTCAATTAAGTATTCCTATTAATATGTTCTTCTGCTTTTTAATATTAAGATATAGATATCACTTATACAATTATCTCGGAGCAGTTATTATTGTTGTAACAATAGCTCTTGTAGAAATGAAATTATCTTTTGAAGCACAAGAAGAAAATTCTATCATATTTAATCTTGTCTTAATTAGTTCCTTAATTCCTGTATGCTTTTCAAACATGACAAGGGAAATAGTTTTTAAAAAATATAAGATTGACATTTTAAGATTAAATGCTATGGTATCCTTTTTCCAATTGTTCACTTCTTGTCTTATATTACCTGTATACACCCTTCCATTTTTAAAAGAACTTCATTTACCATATAATGAAATATGGACAAATATAAAAAATGGTTTCGCATGTTTATTCTTGGGAAGAAACACAGTCGTAGAGAATTGTGGTCTTGGTATGGCTAAGTTATGTGATGATTGTGACGGAGCATGGAAAACCTTCGCATTGTTTTCCTTCTTTAGCATTTGTGATAATTTAATAACCAGCTATATTATCGACAAATTTTCTACCATGACATATACTATTGTTAGTTGTATACAAGGTCCAGCAATAGCAATTGCTTATTACTTTAAATTCTTAGCCGGTGATGTTGTAATAGAACCAAGATTATTAGATTTCGTAACTTTGTTTGGCTACCTATTTGGTTCTATAATTTACCGTGTAGGAAATATTATCTTAGAAAGAAAAAAAATGAGAAATGAAGAAAATGAAGATTCCGAAGGAGAATTAACCAACGTCGATTCAATTATTACACAATAA You Know What To Do!!!!! Bibliography (partial) Bibliography of map resources
 

Frequently Asked Questions

> About SlidesFinder?

Slidesfinder is a website that allows users to upload and share their PowerPoint presentations online. It provides a platform for individuals and businesses to share their ideas and knowledge through presentations, and for others to view and download these presentations for educational or professional purposes.
Slidesfinder offers a wide range of presentation topics and categories, including business, education, science, technology, health, and more. Users can also search for presentations using keywords, tags, or by category. The website provides tools to create professional presentations with rich media, animations, and graphics.



One of the key features of Slidesfinder is its user-friendly interface, which allows users to easily upload, view, and share presentations. Users can also embed their presentations in their websites or blogs using the website's embed code feature.
Slidesfinder also offers premium services, such as the ability to create private presentations and to download presentations in high-quality formats. However, the basic features of Slidesfinder are free to use, making it accessible to anyone who wants to share their ideas and knowledge through presentations.

> How do I register with SlidesFinder?

Go to registration page (you can see signup link on top of website page) https://www.slidesfinder.com/signup . If you have facebook/gmail account them just click on SIGN IN WITH FACEBOOK OR SIGN IN WITH GOOGLE button, by this you will be a registered member of slidesfinder without filling any form, required detail automatically will be fatch from your account. If you do not a Facebook account, then click on "Signup". Fill all required fields and you will be a registered member of slidesfinder.

> Is slidesfinder account confirmation is mandatory?

Yes it is mandetory to active your account to login.

> Do I need to signup/login on SlidesFinder before uploading a PowerPoint presentation?

Yes, you need to login with your account before uploading presentation. Your username will be displayed on your uploaded presentation. Your registered email id is needed for sending your stats of uploaded presentation.

Slidesfinder is a sharing website for PowerPoint presentations search and share. Find your interest in the form of powerpoint presentations on slidesfinder and save your valuable time . On Slidesfinder you get presentations from our huge library of professional ppt presentations. We believe in making your search INFORMATIVE and FUN. Find your best ppt presentation from a pool of PowerPoint presentations stacked under important industry categories like business & management, heath & Wellness,eduction & training etc. We provide unique informative PowerPoint presentation for marketers, presenters and educationists. These professional PowerPoint presentations are uploaded by professionals from across numerous industry segments.These ppt presentations are available for FREE download.

Not just finding your interest, but facilitate you broadcast your interest. We have created this platform for easy sharing of PowerPoint presentations, ensuring that these presentations get maximum exposure. Create your slidesfinder account and upload PowerPoint presentations for free, share on social media platforms and BUILD YOUR CROWD WITH PRESENTATION !!

The Great Buddha says, "Share your knowledge.It’s a way to achieve immortality"! So, start sharing knowledge and we are here to make that immortal !!

© 2013-2024 SlidesFinder. All rights reserved.

Re-productivity of content are not allowed. Without prior written permission from author, commercial use of any content is illegal.