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Slide 1 - 1 A Contemporary Mission forPhysical Education Foundations of HR Fitness: Based on the work of Pate, R.R., & Hohn, R.C. (Eds.) (1994). Health and fitness through physical education. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Slide 2 - 2 Physical Education Paradox I Positive elements for the profession Physical education is an established component of the U.S. school system. American “Fitness Revolution” of the 1970’s and 1980’s has lead to increased adult interest and participation in physical activity, public support for increased physical activity and fitness programming. Summary Statement: “When viewed comprehensively and from a national perspective, physical education in the United States represents an enormous societal investment of school time, space, and personnel” (Pate & Hohn, 1994).
Slide 3 - 3 Physical Education Paradox II Negative elements for the profession Insufficient time & space allocated for school physical education programs (Siedentop, Mand, & Taggart, 1986). Use of poorly prepared & disinterested classroom teachers to deliver physical education in schools (NASPE, 1993; Siedentop, 1990). Erosion of state requirements for physical education (NASPE, 1993). Summary Statement: “Such trends indicate that, when confronted with financial restrictions and public concerns about academic achievement, school administrators often respond by transferring resources away from physical education to other school programs” (Pate & Hohn, 1994).
Slide 4 - 4 Analysis of the Problem “We propose that societal support for school physical education has decreased despite an overall increase in support for activity and fitness programs, because it is society’s perception that physical education has not ‘delivered the goods.’ We suspect that society’s attitude toward physical education is fundamentally ambivalent” (Pate & Hohn, 1994). Tax-paying adults acknowledge the importance of children’s physical activity, physical fitness, & motor skill acquisition, but remain unconvinced of physical education’s potential contribution in these areas. What factors have contributed to the public’s ambivalence towards physical education?
Slide 5 - 5 Problematic Issues in PE Personal experiences Pain & embarrassment Boredom & triviality Irrelevance Muddled mission of PE Motor skill acquisition Physical fitness Cognition learning Social development Cultural awareness Academic performance Lifelong physical activity
Slide 6 - 6 Contemporary Mission ofPhysical Education “In our view, physical education will not come to be or be seen as a successful enterprise until it tracks out meaningful, realistic goals and then documents their attainment” (Pate & Hohn, 1994). The aim or mission of the physical education profession must meet certain criteria. The aim must be: Important Realistic Understandable Professionally accepted
Slide 7 - 7 OBESITY TRENDS
Slide 8 - The Development of Youth Fitness Education &The Physical Best Program A Brief History
Slide 9 - 1954 Dr. Hans Kraus study Results indicated: Only 42% of American children passed the assessment, while 92% of European school children passed the assessment
Slide 10 - 1956 President Eisenhower was shocked by the scores from the Kraus study! Thus, Eisenhower established the President’s Council on Youth Fitness.
Slide 11 - 1957 The AAHPER Youth Fitness Test: Pull-ups/flexed arm hang Sit-ups Shuttle run Standing broad jump 50-yard dash Softball throw for distance 600-yard walk/run Fitness-related tests (not h-r)
Slide 12 - 1958 - 1980 The AAHPERD Fitness Test Batteries Skill-Related Health-Related Added single-leg balance Dropped standing broad jump Flexed arm hang Replaced pull-ups with push-ups Sit-ups 600-yard walk/run
Slide 13 - 1980 AAHPERD redefined FITNESS (shifted focus to health, not skill) The Health-Related Fitness Test was created and replaced all fitness tests
Slide 14 - 1980 - 1989 The AAHPERD Health-Related Fitness Aerobic Capacity (1-mile walk/run) Muscular strength & endurance (60-sec sit-ups, pull-ups, flexed arm hang, modified pull-ups) Flexibility (sit-n-reach) Body composition (skinfold measurements)
Slide 15 - 1987 The Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research introduced
Slide 16 - 16 What is unique about: Health-related Criterion referenced Background info on F’GRAM standards available at: www.cooperinst.org
Slide 17 - 1987 - 1989 In 1989 PB test became criterion referenced The Physical Best Educational Program: Developed by educators to enhance the existing physical education curriculum and supplement daily lesson plans.
Slide 18 - 1993Partnership For Common Goals Physical Best program of AAHPERD educational arm FITNESSGRAM program of The Cooper Institute assessment piece
Slide 19 - 1998 - Present
Slide 20 - Primary Resources Today:
Slide 21 - 21 PHILOSOPHY Physical Best & FITNESSGRAM
Slide 22 - 22 Philosophy…for Educators BY Physical Educators / FOR Physical Educators To help students “DO & UNDERSTAND”
Slide 23 - 23 Philosophy…for Educators Health-Oriented Healthful level of physical fitness Regular physical activity
Slide 24 - 24 Philosophy…for Educators Linked to national standards Teaches students how and why Educational progression Educational
Slide 25 - 25 The Stairway to Lifetime FitnessC.B. Corbin and R.P. Pangrazi, 1989 Personal Exercise Patterns Evaluate Own Fitness Levels Problem Solve/Decision Making Participate in Regular Exercise Achieve Physical Fitness
Slide 26 - 26 Philosophy… for Students Enjoyable Realistic Fair
Slide 27 - 27 Benefits to Educators Supports Standards Infuse into an existing curriculum Ready made & appropriate activities
Slide 28 - 28 Benefits to Students Teaching knowledge & values Enjoyable Participation All students can be successful
Slide 29 - 29 Benefits to Students INDIVIDUALIZED Students compete only with themselves! Results/printouts Intrinsic motivation
Slide 30 - 30 An Important Message! Educating all children – to achieve their Physical Best