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Slide 1 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell
Slide 2 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.”
Slide 3 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented.
Slide 4 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry
Slide 5 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions.
Slide 6 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames.
Slide 7 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game
Slide 8 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random*
Slide 9 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer
Slide 10 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design.
Slide 11 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design.
Slide 12 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology
Slide 13 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters.
Slide 14 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people.
Slide 15 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations.
Slide 16 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic.
Slide 17 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God.
Slide 18 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war
Slide 19 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated.
Slide 20 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years.
Slide 21 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles
Slide 22 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player.
Slide 23 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees
Slide 24 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover.
Slide 25 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3
Slide 26 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack
Slide 27 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time.
Slide 28 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation.
Slide 29 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation. Left 4 Dead Developed and published by Valve Released in 2008 A co-op first person shooter set in a zombie apocalypse.
Slide 30 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation. Left 4 Dead Developed and published by Valve Released in 2008 A co-op first person shooter set in a zombie apocalypse.
Slide 31 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation. Left 4 Dead Developed and published by Valve Released in 2008 A co-op first person shooter set in a zombie apocalypse. AI Director The game utilizes an AI director that will change the game based on how well the player(s) are doing. This can make the game more or less difficult for players with different skill levels. This also changes the events of the game between different play sessions.
Slide 32 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation. Left 4 Dead Developed and published by Valve Released in 2008 A co-op first person shooter set in a zombie apocalypse. AI Director The game utilizes an AI director that will change the game based on how well the player(s) are doing. This can make the game more or less difficult for players with different skill levels. This also changes the events of the game between different play sessions. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Developed and Published by Bethesda Game Studios Released in 2011 Open World RPG set in a fantasy world
Slide 33 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation. Left 4 Dead Developed and published by Valve Released in 2008 A co-op first person shooter set in a zombie apocalypse. AI Director The game utilizes an AI director that will change the game based on how well the player(s) are doing. This can make the game more or less difficult for players with different skill levels. This also changes the events of the game between different play sessions. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Developed and Published by Bethesda Game Studios Released in 2011 Open World RPG set in a fantasy world Unbalanced AI Non Playable characters (NPCs) and enemies within the game world react dynamically with the player and each other.
Slide 34 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation. Left 4 Dead Developed and published by Valve Released in 2008 A co-op first person shooter set in a zombie apocalypse. AI Director The game utilizes an AI director that will change the game based on how well the player(s) are doing. This can make the game more or less difficult for players with different skill levels. This also changes the events of the game between different play sessions. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Developed and Published by Bethesda Game Studios Released in 2011 Open World RPG set in a fantasy world Unbalanced AI Non Playable characters (NPCs) and enemies within the game world react dynamically with the player and each other. Unbalanced AI Enemies are not designed to deal with simple obstacles
Slide 35 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation. Left 4 Dead Developed and published by Valve Released in 2008 A co-op first person shooter set in a zombie apocalypse. AI Director The game utilizes an AI director that will change the game based on how well the player(s) are doing. This can make the game more or less difficult for players with different skill levels. This also changes the events of the game between different play sessions. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Developed and Published by Bethesda Game Studios Released in 2011 Open World RPG set in a fantasy world Unbalanced AI Non Playable characters (NPCs) and enemies within the game world react dynamically with the player and each other. Unbalanced AI Enemies are not designed to deal with simple obstacles Problems With AI in Gaming There are a number of issues that prevent Video Games from being the best area for the evolution of AI Despite the how far AI in games has come over time no game is perfect. There are a number of reasons as to why this is and will always be the case.
Slide 36 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation. Left 4 Dead Developed and published by Valve Released in 2008 A co-op first person shooter set in a zombie apocalypse. AI Director The game utilizes an AI director that will change the game based on how well the player(s) are doing. This can make the game more or less difficult for players with different skill levels. This also changes the events of the game between different play sessions. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Developed and Published by Bethesda Game Studios Released in 2011 Open World RPG set in a fantasy world Unbalanced AI Non Playable characters (NPCs) and enemies within the game world react dynamically with the player and each other. Unbalanced AI Enemies are not designed to deal with simple obstacles Problems With AI in Gaming There are a number of issues that prevent Video Games from being the best area for the evolution of AI Despite the how far AI in games has come over time no game is perfect. There are a number of reasons as to why this is and will always be the case. Sequels
Slide 37 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation. Left 4 Dead Developed and published by Valve Released in 2008 A co-op first person shooter set in a zombie apocalypse. AI Director The game utilizes an AI director that will change the game based on how well the player(s) are doing. This can make the game more or less difficult for players with different skill levels. This also changes the events of the game between different play sessions. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Developed and Published by Bethesda Game Studios Released in 2011 Open World RPG set in a fantasy world Unbalanced AI Non Playable characters (NPCs) and enemies within the game world react dynamically with the player and each other. Unbalanced AI Enemies are not designed to deal with simple obstacles Problems With AI in Gaming There are a number of issues that prevent Video Games from being the best area for the evolution of AI Despite the how far AI in games has come over time no game is perfect. There are a number of reasons as to why this is and will always be the case. Sequels Release Schedule Time The game has to be released at some point and not everything that needs to be addressed can be addressed. Money Games are expensive to make so items are generally prioritized to put the most effort into what is considered most important.
Slide 38 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation. Left 4 Dead Developed and published by Valve Released in 2008 A co-op first person shooter set in a zombie apocalypse. AI Director The game utilizes an AI director that will change the game based on how well the player(s) are doing. This can make the game more or less difficult for players with different skill levels. This also changes the events of the game between different play sessions. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Developed and Published by Bethesda Game Studios Released in 2011 Open World RPG set in a fantasy world Unbalanced AI Non Playable characters (NPCs) and enemies within the game world react dynamically with the player and each other. Unbalanced AI Enemies are not designed to deal with simple obstacles Problems With AI in Gaming There are a number of issues that prevent Video Games from being the best area for the evolution of AI Despite the how far AI in games has come over time no game is perfect. There are a number of reasons as to why this is and will always be the case. Sequels Release Schedule Time The game has to be released at some point and not everything that needs to be addressed can be addressed. Money Games are expensive to make so items are generally prioritized to put the most effort into what is considered most important. Is it fun? Games are about Entertainment While the AI in a game might be very advanced it might not necessarily be entertaining.
Slide 39 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation. Left 4 Dead Developed and published by Valve Released in 2008 A co-op first person shooter set in a zombie apocalypse. AI Director The game utilizes an AI director that will change the game based on how well the player(s) are doing. This can make the game more or less difficult for players with different skill levels. This also changes the events of the game between different play sessions. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Developed and Published by Bethesda Game Studios Released in 2011 Open World RPG set in a fantasy world Unbalanced AI Non Playable characters (NPCs) and enemies within the game world react dynamically with the player and each other. Unbalanced AI Enemies are not designed to deal with simple obstacles Problems With AI in Gaming There are a number of issues that prevent Video Games from being the best area for the evolution of AI Despite the how far AI in games has come over time no game is perfect. There are a number of reasons as to why this is and will always be the case. Sequels Release Schedule Time The game has to be released at some point and not everything that needs to be addressed can be addressed. Money Games are expensive to make so items are generally prioritized to put the most effort into what is considered most important. Is it fun? Games are about Entertainment While the AI in a game might be very advanced it might not necessarily be entertaining. Are Video Games good for AI Development? The Good The Bad AI is essential to Games Games provide a simulated world where programmers can experiment The Game Industry is the largest area where AI is being applied. Time and Money are an issue Innovation might not be that important Entertainment is more important then quality
Slide 40 - Evolution of Artificial Intelligence In Video Games By Brian Bell What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 As a Noun The Intelligence of Machines. As a Field “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” How does AI apply to games? Game AI is game design, implemented. Overview Step through the History of Video Games Highlight certain AI techniques and trends Go over some of the pitfalls of modern AI development in the Video Game Industry Pong One of the First Video Games Manufactured by Atari Released in 1972 Designed for 1 or 2 players. Essentially just table tennis in 2 dimensions. The AI of Pong There is Logic to how the Computer moves the paddle. The computer predicts where the ball with end up based on a number of factors then moves the paddle to that predicted location. To simulate Human error the computer is designed to skip its adjustment every 8 frames. Pac-Man Developed by Namco Distributed by Midway (in US) Released: 1980 Single player only Simple maze game Ghosts While the Ghosts appear to move in a random order this is not always the case. As each Ghost has its own Algorithm to control its actions. Chases Pac-Man Try to get in front of Pac-Man Moves at Random* Super Mario Bros. Developed by Nintendo Released in 1985 Classic example of the Platformer Scripted AI Enemy units in the game are designed to follow a scripted pattern. Either move back and forth in a given location or attack a player if nearby Became a staple technique for AI design. Sim City Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 1989 First in a series of Simulation Games which are often at the forefront of AI technology A Living World The player is able to manipulate certain aspects of the city. The population of the City acts somewhat autonomously. Furthermore the game will simulate random disasters. The Sims Developed by Maxis Published by Electronic Arts Released in 2000 A life simulation game in which the player has control over a semi-autonomous people. Complex characters The Sims characters can be manipulated by the player but will also carry out day to day tasks on their own. Characters also have defined needs and personality traits that dictate how they act in given situations. Complex Object Interactions Characters are able to interact with an arrangement of objects in the environment due to unique object logic. Black and White Developed by Lionhead Studios Published by EA games Released in 2001 Simulation game in which you play God. Black and White Similar to Sim City You had more control over the environment and the people in the game You could also create armies and wage war AI Learning You could control and train large creatures You could then punish or reward the creatures based on how they complete tasks. Over time the creatures will learn how you wish tasks to be done based on how they are treated. Combat Oriented Games Simulation games are more advanced Combat Oriented Games are more Popular Evolution of AI in combat games has advanced quite a bit in the past 10 years. Halo: Combat Evolved Developed by Bungi Published by Microsoft Released in 2001 First person shooter that garnered fame for competently brining the genre to Consoles Dynamic Enemy AI Enemies reacted in dynamic ways. Different enemies would react differently in different situations. Enemies would work together against the player. Behavior Trees Tasks Condition Action Conditional Nodes represent read only functions. These functions are when the AI unit observes some information about its environment Examples: Searching for enemies or nearby cover, determining orientation. Actions Represent actual performed functions. These functions are generally reflected in the graphical representation. Examples: Firing on an enemy, throwing a grenade, reloading, ducking behind cover. Sequences and Selectors Sequences Selectors A sequence represents a group of tasks that must be carried out in order for the overall task to complete A selector will ultimately only carry out one task but attempt to run each of its child task until it finds the correct task for the situation. 1 2 3 ? 1 2 3 Behavior Tree Patrol Investigate Attack Behavior Trees:Good and Bad Benefits Costs Allows AI units to act in dynamic ways depending on the situation Allows designers to group different actions together for different situations Allows for enemy differentiation Can be time consuming to generate More complex actions require more complex trees Running through all the possible actions can take a lot of time. Behavior TreesBottom Line Are a good way to provide dynamic actions to individual AI Units Generally require a larger AI control structure for proper implementation. Left 4 Dead Developed and published by Valve Released in 2008 A co-op first person shooter set in a zombie apocalypse. AI Director The game utilizes an AI director that will change the game based on how well the player(s) are doing. This can make the game more or less difficult for players with different skill levels. This also changes the events of the game between different play sessions. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Developed and Published by Bethesda Game Studios Released in 2011 Open World RPG set in a fantasy world Unbalanced AI Non Playable characters (NPCs) and enemies within the game world react dynamically with the player and each other. Unbalanced AI Enemies are not designed to deal with simple obstacles Problems With AI in Gaming There are a number of issues that prevent Video Games from being the best area for the evolution of AI Despite the how far AI in games has come over time no game is perfect. There are a number of reasons as to why this is and will always be the case. Sequels Release Schedule Time The game has to be released at some point and not everything that needs to be addressed can be addressed. Money Games are expensive to make so items are generally prioritized to put the most effort into what is considered most important. Is it fun? Games are about Entertainment While the AI in a game might be very advanced it might not necessarily be entertaining. Are Video Games good for AI Development? The Good The Bad AI is essential to Games Games provide a simulated world where programmers can experiment The Game Industry is the largest area where AI is being applied. Time and Money are an issue Innovation might not be that important Entertainment is more important then quality References Champandard, A. (2008, December 28). Behavior Trees for Next-Gen AI. Retrieved May 2011, from AiGameDev.com: http://aigamedev.com/insider/presentation/behavior-trees/ Champandard, A. J. (2012, February 9). Trends and Highlights in Game AI for 2011. Retrieved May 2012, from aigamedev.com: http://aigamedev.com/insider/discussion/2011-trends-highlights/ History of Game AI. (n.d.). Retrieved May 2012, from AI Game Programers Guild: http://gameai.com Montfort, N., & Bogost, I. (2009). Racing the Beam: The Atari Video Computer System. The MIT Press. Wexler, J. (2002). Artificial Intelligence in Games: A look at the smarts behind Lionhead Studio’s “Black and White” and where it can and will go in the future. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester.
 

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