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Arthritis PowerPoint Presentation

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Slide 1 - Arthritis Hip and Knee Nigel Brewster 1998
Slide 2 - Aims Types of arthritis Symptoms of arthritis Signs of arthritis Treatment of arthritis
Slide 3 - Types of Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Osteoarthritis (OA) Sero-negative arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Reiter’s disease Crystal arthropathies
Slide 4 - Rheumatoid Arthritis affects 3% population female> male (3:1) 80% RF 30% ANF HLA DR4 (chr 6)
Slide 5 - Rheumatoid ArthritisPathology Synovitis chronic infl, synovial hypertrophy, effusion Destruction proteolytic enzymes, pannus Deformity articular destruction, capsular stretching, tendon rupture
Slide 6 - Rheumatoid Arthritisextra-articular nodules tendon sheath vasculitis myopathy and neuropathy reticulo-endothelial system visceral - lungs, heart, kidneys, brain, GI
Slide 7 - Rheumatoid Arthritisearly symptoms myopathy, tiredness, weight loss, malaise proximal finger joints wrists, feet, knees, shoulders start up pain tendon crepitus
Slide 8 - Rheumatoid Arthritisearly joint changes
Slide 9 - Rheumatoid Arthritislate symptoms joint destruction pain deformity instability
Slide 10 - Rheumatoid Arthritisadvanced joint changes
Slide 11 - Rheumatoid ArthritisX-ray findings joint space narrowing peri-articular osteopenia erosions
Slide 12 - stop synovitis prevent deformity reconstruct rehabilitate Rheumatoid Arthritistreatment
Slide 13 - Rheumatoid Arthritisprognosis 10% improve 60% intermittent, slowly worsening 20% severe joint erosion, multiple surgery 10% completely disabled
Slide 14 - Osteoarthritis A chronic joint disorder in which there is progressive softening and disintegration of articular cartilage accompanied by new growth of cartilage and bone at the joint margins (osteophytes) and capsular fibrosis
Slide 15 - Osteoarthritisclassification Primary or idiopathic Secondary - infection - dysplasia - Perthes’ - SUFE - trauma - AVN
Slide 16 - Osteoarthritisaetiology Genetic metabolic hormonal mechanical ageing
Slide 17 - Osteoarthritismechanism 1 Disparity between:- stress applied to articular cartilage and strength of articular cartilage
Slide 18 - Osteoarthritismechanism 2 Increased stress (F/A) increased load eg BW or activity decreased area eg varus knee or dysplastic hip
Slide 19 - Osteoarthritismechanism 3 Weak cartilage age stiff eg ochronosis soft eg inflammation abnormal bony support eg AVN
Slide 20 - OsteoarthritisX-ray changes joint space narrowing subchondral sclerosis osteophytes cysts
Slide 21 - OsteoarthritisX-ray changes
Slide 22 - Arthritissymptoms pain swelling stiffness deformity instability loss of function
Slide 23 - Arthritisnon-surgical treatment analgesia disease modifying drugs (RA) altered activity walking aids physiotherapy
Slide 24 - Arthritissurgical treatment arthroscopy osteotomy arthrodesis excision arthroplasty replacement arthroplasty
Slide 25 - Arthritisknee arthroplasty
Slide 26 - Joint Replacementindications Disabling pain Functional limitations
Slide 27 - Joint Replacementhistory pain function medical expectations
Slide 28 - Joint Replacementhistory - pain Site radiation limiting activity disturbing sleep analgesics
Slide 29 - Joint Replacementhistory - function Walking distance walking aids low chairs foot care stairs
Slide 30 - Joint Replacementexamination gait limb alignment range of movement stability peripheral circulation skin condition
Slide 31 - Joint Replacementinvestigation X-ray - alignment - deformity - previous fractures and implants - AVN - osteophytes - bone loss CT, MRI, bone scan - rarely
Slide 32 - Joint Replacementideal painless joint full range of movement stable permanent
Slide 33 - Joint Replacementhip complications dislocation - 1% loosening >90% 10y survival DVT / PE infection - 1%
Slide 34 - Joint Replacementknee complications limited ROM patellar instability 3-5% loosening > 90% 10y survival DVT / PE infection - 2%
Slide 35 - Ankylosing Spondylitis 0.2% of population mainly affects spine and SI joints male > female HLA B27 in 90% synovitis enthesopathy
Slide 36 - Ankylosing Spondylitiships and knees flexion deformities arthritis with large osteophytes ankylosis
Slide 37 - Ankylosing Spondylitisdiagnosis Rome criteria A - bilateral SI B - stiff lumbar spine - stiff thoracic spine A+ 1xB - decreased chest or 4xB expansion (<7cm) - >3/12 LBP - iritis
Slide 38 - Ankylosing SpondylitisX-ray changes joint space narrowing large osteophytes heterotopic bone ankylosis