Android Overview PowerPoint Presentation

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Android Overview Dr. Siddharth Kaza Dr. Josh Dehlinger

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Why Mobile App Development? The fact that we can! Only a few years ago you had to be in the Motorola inner circle to do it! Mobile platform is the platform of the future Double-digit growth in world-wide smartphone ownership3 Job market is hot Market for mobile software surges from $4.1 billion in 2009 to $17.5 billion by 20121 2010 Dice.com survey: 72% of recruiters looking for iPhone app developers, 60% for Android1 Dice.com: mobile app developers made $85,000 in 2010 and salaries expected to rise2 Students (and faculty!) are naturally interested! 1 http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/oct2010/tc20101020_639668.htm 2 http://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencies 3http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1466313

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Why Android? A lot of students have them 2010 survey by University of CO1: 22% of college students have Android phone (26% Blackberry, 40% iPhone) Gartner survey2: Android used on 22.7% of smartphones sold world-wide in 2010 (37.6% Symbian, 15.7% iOS) Students already know Java and Eclipse Low learning curve CS0 students can use App Inventor for Android 1http://testkitchen.colorado.edu/projects/reports/smartphone/smartphone-appendix1/ 2http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1543014

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Why Android? Transferring app to phone is trivial Can distribute by putting it on the web Android Market (now Google Play) for wider distribution It’s not 1984

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Types of Android Devices

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Various Android Phones

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Galaxy Note 3

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Galaxy Tablet

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Android-Powered Microwave http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/30712/android-powered-microwave-cooking-google By Touch Revolution – at CES 2010

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Android-Powered Watch

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Android-Powered Camera

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Android-Powered TV

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Android-Powered Car Radio

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Android-Powered Washing Machine

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Android-Powered PC

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Brief History 1996 The WWW already had websites with color and images But, the best phones displayed a couple of lines of monochrome text! Enter: Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) – stripped down HTTP for bandwidth reduction Wireless Markup Language (WML) – stripped down HTML for content

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Brief History Many issues (WAP = “Wait And Pay”) Few developers to produce content (it wasn’t fun!) Really hard to type in URLs using the small keyboards Data fees frightfully expensive No billing mechanism – content difficult to monetize Other platforms emerged Palm OS, Blackberry OS, J2ME, Symbian (Nokia), BREW, OS X iPhone, Windows Mobile

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Brief History - Android 2005 Google acquires startup Android Inc. to start Android platform Work on Dalvik VM begins 2007 Open Handset Alliance announced Early look at SDK 2008 Google sponsors 1st  Android Developer Challenge T-Mobile G1 announced SDK 1.0 released Android released open source (Apache License) Android Dev Phone 1 released

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Brief History cont. 2009 SDK 1.5 (Cupcake) New soft keyboard with “autocomplete” feature SDK 1.6 (Donut) Support Wide VGA SDK 2.0/2.0.1/2.1 (Eclair) Revamped UI, browser 2010 Nexus One released to the public SDK 2.2 (Froyo) Flash support, tethering SDK 2.3 (Gingerbread) UI update, system-wide copy-paste

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Brief History cont. 2011 SDK 3.x (Honeycomb) Optimized for tablet support SDK 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) Virtual UI buttons 2012 SDK 4.1.1 (Jelly Bean) Triple buffered graphics pipeline

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Honeycomb Android 3.0-3.2 Brief History cont. 2011 SDK 3.0/3.1/3.2 (Honeycomb) for tablets only New UI for tablets, support multi-core processors SDK 4.0/4.0.1/4.0.2/4.0.3 (Ice Cream Sandwich) Changes to the UI, Voice input, NFC Ice cream Sandwich Android 4.0+ Jelly Bean Android 4.1.1

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Distribution of Devices Data collected during a 14-day period ending on January 3, 2012 http://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-versions.html

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Distribution of Devices http://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-versions.html

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What is Google Android? A software stack for mobile devices that includes An operating system Middleware Key Applications Uses Linux to provide core system services Security Memory management Process management Power management Hardware drivers

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Android Architecture More details at: http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html

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Mobile Devices: Advantages Always with the user Typically have Internet access Typically GPS enabled Typically have accelerometer & compass Most have cameras & microphones Many apps are free or low-cost

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Mobile Devices: Disadvantages Limited screen size Limited battery life Limited processor speed Limited and sometimes slow network access Limited or awkward input: soft keyboard, phone keypad, touch screen, or stylus Limited web browser functionality Range of platforms & configurations across devices link

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Mobile Applications What are they? Any application that runs on a mobile device Types Web apps: run in a web browser HTML, JavaScript, Flash, server-side components, etc. Native: compiled binaries for the device Often make use of web services

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Android Apps Built using Java and new SDK libraries No support for some Java libraries like Swing & AWT Java code compiled into Dalvik byte code (.dex) Optimized for mobile devices (better memory management, battery utilization, etc.) Dalvik VM runs .dex files

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Development process for an Android app http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/index.html

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Building and running ADB is a client server program that connects clients on developer machine to devices/emulators to facilitate development. An IDE like Eclipse handles this entire process for you. http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/building/index.html#detailed-build Compiled resources (xml files) Android Debug Bridge

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Building and Running

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Applications Are Boxed By default, each app is run in its own Linux process Process started when app’s code needs to be executed Threads can be started to handle time-consuming operations Each process has its own Dalvik VM By default, each app is assigned unique Linux ID Permissions are set so app’s files are only visible to that app

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Android Architecture

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Publishing and Monetizing Paid apps in Android Market, various other markets Free, ad-supported apps in Android Market Ad networks (Google AdMob, Quattro Wireless) Sell your own ads Services to other developers Ex. Skyhook Wireless (http://www.skyhookwireless.com/) Contests (Android Developer Challenge) Selling products from within your app

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Android Market (Google Play) https://play.google.com/store Has various categories, allows ratings Have both free/paid apps Featured apps on web and on phone The Android Market (and iTunes/App Store) is great for developers Level playing field, allowing third-party apps Revenue sharing

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Publishing to Google Play Requires Google Developer Account $25 fee Link to a Merchant Account Google Checkout Link to your checking account Google takes 30% of app purchase price

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Android Design Philosophy Applications should be: Fast Resource constraints: <200MB RAM, slow processor Responsive Apps must respond to user actions within 5 seconds Secure Apps declare permissions in manifest Seamless Usability is key, persist data, suspend services Android kills processes in background as needed

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Other design principles http://developer.android.com/design/index.html Great reference!