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Slide 1 - ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) By: Coleen M. Guest Methods for Teaching Fall 2001
Slide 2 - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD dates back to 1902. The disorder has gone through numerous name changes. Maximal Brain Damage Minimal Brain Dysfunction Hyperkinetic Reaction of Childhood Attention Deficit Disorder with or without Hyperactivity Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Slide 3 - What is ADD/ADHD ADHD consists of two basic symptoms. - Poor attention Span - Weak Impulse Control
Slide 4 - Executive Functions of ADHD Defined as - the ability to engage in mental activities that help deflect distractions, recall goals, and take steps needed to reach them. These are divided into four groups. Working Memory - Holds information in mind while performing another task. Internalization of Self-directed Speech - Process of talking out loud to solve problems
Slide 5 - Executive Functions Continued Self Regulation - Controlling reaction to an event Reconstruction - Breaking down observed behavior and combining parts into new actions that are not previously learned.
Slide 6 - AD/HD Primarily Inattentive Type AD/HD-I Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes. Has difficulty sustaining attention. Does not appear to listen. Struggles to follow through on instructions.
Slide 7 - AD/HD Hyperactive/Impulse Type AD/HD-HI Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in chair. Has difficulty remaining seated. Runs about or climbs excessively. Acts as if driven by a motor. Talks excessively. Blurts out answers before questions have been completed. Difficulty waiting or taking turns. Interrupts or intrudes upon others.
Slide 8 - AD/HD Combined Type AD/HD-C Individual meets both sets of attention and hyperactive/impulsive criteria.
Slide 9 - According to the DSM-IV, ADHD Has Three Categories Predominantly inattentive type Predominantly hyperactive impulsive type Combined type (onset of symptoms must occur before the age of seven and must be present for six months)
Slide 10 - Causes of ADHD Brain Structure Heredity Environment Pregnancy and Birth Complications
Slide 11 - People with ADHD 3-5 percent of children have ADHD 2-4 percent of adults have ADHD There are three times as many boys diagnosed 10-26 percent of children with ADHD have a learning disability
Slide 12 - People With AD/HD Continued 30-65 percent have emotional or behavioral problems
Slide 13 - Characteristics of ADHD Students exhibit noncompliance, disagreeable and annoying behaviors. Students have a difficult time forming and keeping relationships with peers. Stress is added to families sometimes leading up to isolation from family and friends and divorce between parents.
Slide 14 - Treatment for ADHD Behavior modification - Reinforcements, rewards, immediate consequences, and cues to reinforce rules. Medication - Stimulate Drugs: Ritalin, Dexedrine, Adderall, Cylert and Desoxyn. - Antidepressants: Elavil, Tofranil, and Prozac.
Slide 15 - Treatment Continued Diet and Nutrition Scientists do not support the use of diet. The once popular Feingold Diet has not proven to adequately control symptoms.
Slide 16 - References American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC:Author. Bender, W.N., & Mathes, M.Y. (1995). Students with ADHD in the inclusive classroom: A hierarchical approach to strategy selection. Intervention in School and Clinic, 30, 226-234.