Airports Airspace and ATC PowerPoint Presentation

Slide 1 -

Airports, Airspace & ATC

Slide 2 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What color are all runway markings?

Slide 3 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What color are all runway markings? White

Slide 4 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What color are all taxiways, closed areas, hazardous areas and holding positions?

Slide 5 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What color are all taxiways, closed areas, hazardous areas and holding positions? Yellow

Slide 6 -

Taxiway Marking Provides a visual cue to permit taxiing along a designated path. Marking may be enhanced on light-colored pavement by outlining with a black border.

Slide 7 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What are the three types of usage that determine how a runway will be marked?

Slide 8 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What are the three types of usage that determine how a runway will be marked? Visual Runway Nonprecision instrument runway Precision instrument runway

Slide 9 -

Runway & Taxi Markings How is a visual runway marked?

Slide 10 -

VISUAL RUNWAY Designation marking Centerline marking Optional marking International commercial transport require threshold marking

Slide 11 -

VISUAL RUNWAY Optional Marking 4,000 ft or longer used by jet aircraft require aiming point marking Side stripes may be added if necessary

Slide 12 -

Runway & Taxi Markings How is a nonprecision instrument runway marked?

Slide 13 -

Runway & Taxi Markings How is a nonprecision instrument runway marked? Designation marking Centerline marking Threshold markings Aim point marker

Slide 14 -

Runway & Taxi Markings How is a precision instrument runway marked?

Slide 15 -

Runway & Taxi Markings Designation marking Centerline marking Threshold markings Aim point marker Touchdown zone marker

Slide 16 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What is a displaced threshold?

Slide 17 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What is a displaced threshold? A threshold that is not at the beginning of the paved runway

Slide 18 -

Runway & Taxi Markings For what purposes can you use the paved area before a displaced threshold that is marked by arrows?

Slide 19 -

Runway & Taxi Markings Available for taxi, takeoff and a landing rollout from the opposite direction but not for landing

Slide 20 -

Runway & Taxi Markings For what are chevrons used?

Slide 21 -

Runway & Taxi Markings For what are chevrons used? To show pavement areas aligned with the runway that are unusable for landing, takeoff and taxiing

Slide 22 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What is the name of the bar that separates a runway that has a displaced threshold from a taxiway or an area marked by chevrons that precedes the runway

Slide 23 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What is the name of the bar that separates a runway that has a displaced threshold from a taxiway or an area marked by cheverons that precedes the runway Demarcation Bar

Slide 24 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What color are surface painted location signs?

Slide 25 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What color are surface painted location signs? Black background with yellow inscription

Slide 26 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What color are mandatory instruction signs?

Slide 27 -

Runway & Taxi Markings What color are mandatory instruction signs? White characters on a red background

Slide 28 -

AIRPORT SIGNS HOLDING POSITIONS SIGNS At runway / runway intersections Do not cross unless clearance has been received. 4-22

Slide 29 -

AIRPORT SIGNS

Slide 30 -

AIRPORT SIGNS Edge of Protected Area for Runway Identifies the boundary of the runway protected area Used to judge when the aircraft is clear of the protected area.

Slide 31 -

AIRPORT SIGNS

Slide 32 -

AIRPORT SIGNS Edge of ILS Critical Area Identifies the boundary of the ILS critical area. Use this sign as a guide to judge when the aircraft is clear of the ILS critical area.

Slide 33 -

Airport Lighting What type of Approach Light System are use on visual runway

Slide 34 -

Airport Lighting None ALS provide the basic means to transition from instrument flight to visual flight for landing. They will be used with precision and nonprecision runways.

Slide 35 -

Lighting What color are taxiway centerline lights installed at some airports and used during low visibility conditions?

Slide 36 -

Taxiway Centerline Lights Green in-pavement lights to assist taxiing aircraft in darkness and in low visibility conditions.

Slide 37 -

Lights Describe Runway End Identifier Lights and when they are effective?

Slide 38 -

Description Consists of a pair of synchronized flashing lights located laterally on each side of the runway threshold to provide rapid and positive identification of the approach end of a particular runway

Slide 39 -

Effective Effective for Identification of a runway surrounded by a preponderance of other lighting Identification of a runway which lacks contrast with surrounding terrain

Slide 40 -

Effective Identification of a runway during reduced visibility

Slide 41 -

Lights Describe land and hold short lights.

Slide 42 -

Land and Hold Short Lights In-pavement white, pulsating lights installed across the runway at the hold short point.

Slide 43 -

Lights When ON departing pilots and pilots cleared to land using the full length of the runway should ignore the lights

Slide 44 -

Lights How can you identify a rotating beacon at a military airport?

Slide 45 -

Lights How can you identify a rotating beacon at a military airport? Two whites and a green indicate a military airport

Slide 46 -

Lights What color do you see when above the glide slope on a tri-colored approach slope indicator?

Slide 47 -

Lights What color do you see when above the glide slope on a tri-colored approach slope indicator? Amber

Slide 48 -

Wake Turbulance In what configuration does an aircraft produce the most wake turbulence?

Slide 49 -

Wake Turbulence In what configuration does an aircraft produce the most wake turbulence? Clean, Slow and Heavy

Slide 50 -

Wake Turbulence When departing behind a large aircraft, what wind condition required the maximum amount of caution?

Slide 51 -

Wake Turbulence When departing behind a large aircraft, what wind condition required the maximum amount of caution? A light quartering tailwind

Slide 52 -

Wake Turbulence When a small aircraft makes an intersection take off on the same runway behind a large aircraft, how long an interval is ATC required to apply?

Slide 53 -

Wake Turbulence When a small aircraft makes an intersection take off on the same runway behind a large aircraft, how long an interval is ATC required to apply? 3 minutes Can this be waived?

Slide 54 -

Wake Turbulence Can this be waived? Yes, with a specific pilot request

Slide 55 -

Airports What is the difference between Unicom and Multicom?

Slide 56 -

Airports Unicom is a nongovernment air/ground radio communication station which provides airport advisories.

Slide 57 -

Airports Multicom is a self-announced procedure at airports without operating control towers that are not served by an FSS or Unicom

Slide 58 -

Airports What frequencies are usually used for Unicom?

Slide 59 -

Airports What frequencies are usually used for Unicom? 122.7 122.8 122.725 122.975 and 123.0 What is the Multicom frequency?

Slide 60 -

Airports What is the Multicom frequency? 122.9

Slide 61 -

Transponder Above what altitude must you have Mode C unless you are within 2,500 feet of the surface?

Slide 62 -

Transponder Above what altitude must you have Mode C unless you are within 2,500 feet of the surface? 10,000 feet

Slide 63 -

Airspace What is the minimum ceiling and visibility for operating within the lateral boundaries of the surface areas of Class B, C, D and E airspace designated for an airport?

Slide 64 -

1000 feet and 3 miles visibility Airspace

Slide 65 -

Class A What are the upper and lower limits of Class A Airspace?

Slide 66 -

Class A Fl 180 to FL 600

Slide 67 -

Class C What is the normal upper limit of Class C airspace?

Slide 68 -

Class C 4000 feet AGL

Slide 69 -

Class D What is the normal upper limit of Class D airspace?

Slide 70 -

Class D 2500 feet AGL

Slide 71 -

Class E On a sectional chart, how is class E airspace to the surface depicted?

Slide 72 -

Class E Broken Magenta line

Slide 73 -

Which is true regarding flight operations in Class A airspace? A. Aircraft must be equipped with approved distance measuring equipment (DME). B. Must conduct operations under instrument flight rules. C. Aircraft must be equipped with an approved ATC transponder.

Slide 74 -

Which is true regarding flight operations in Class A airspace? B. Must conduct operations under instrument flight rules.

Slide 75 -

Which is true regarding flight operations in Class A airspace? A. Aircraft must be equipped with approved distance measuring equipment (DME).

Slide 76 -

B. Aircraft must be equipped with an ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment. C. May conduct operations under visual flight rules.

Slide 77 -

Which is true regarding flight operations in Class A airspace? B. Aircraft must be equipped with an ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment.

Slide 78 -

Which is true regarding flight operations in Class B airspace? A. The aircraft must be equipped with an ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment.

Slide 79 -

B. The pilot in command must hold at least a private pilot certificate with an instrument rating. C. The pilot in command must hold at least a student pilot certificate.

Slide 80 -

Which is true regarding flight operations in Class B airspace? A. The aircraft must be equipped with an ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment.

Slide 81 -

What transponder equipment is required for airplane operations within Class B airspace? A transponder A. with 4096 code or Mode S, and Mode C capability.

Slide 82 -

B. is required for airplane operations when visibility is less than 3 miles. C. with 4096 code capability is required except when operating at or below 1,000 feet AGL under the terms of a letter of agreement.

Slide 83 -

What transponder equipment is required for airplane operations within Class B airspace? A transponder A. with 4096 code or Mode S, and Mode C capability.

Slide 84 -

What is the maximum indicated airspeed authorized in the airspace underlying Class B airspace? A. 200 knots. B. 156 knots. C. 230 knots.

Slide 85 -

What is the maximum indicated airspeed authorized in the airspace underlying Class B airspace? A. 200 knots.

Slide 86 -

Unless otherwise authorized or required by ATC, the maximum indicated airspeed permitted when at or below 2,500 feet AGL within 4 NM of the primary airport within Class C or D airspace is A. 230 knots. B. 200 knots. C. 180 knots.

Slide 87 -

Unless otherwise authorized or required by ATC, the maximum indicated airspeed permitted when at or below 2,500 feet AGL within 4 NM of the primary airport within Class C or D airspace is B. 200 knots.

Slide 88 -

If the minimum safe speed for any particular operation is greater than the maximum speed prescribed in 14 CFR part 91, the A. aircraft may be operated at that speed.

Slide 89 -

B. operator must have a Letter of Agreement with ATC. C. operator must have a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the controlling agency.

Slide 90 -

If the minimum safe speed for any particular operation is greater than the maximum speed prescribed in 14 CFR part 91, the A. aircraft may be operated at that speed.

Slide 91 -

Which is true regarding flight operations to or from a satellite airport, without an operating control tower, within the Class C airspace area? A. Aircraft must be equipped with an ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment.

Slide 92 -

B. Prior to takeoff, a pilot must establish communication with the ATC controlling facility. C. Prior to landing, a pilot must establish and maintain communication with an ATC facility.

Slide 93 -

Which is true regarding flight operations to or from a satellite airport, without an operating control tower, within the Class C airspace area? A. Aircraft must be equipped with an ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment.

Slide 94 -

Which is true regarding flight operations to or from a satellite airport, without an operating control tower, within the Class C airspace area? A. Aircraft must be equipped with an ATC transponder.

Slide 95 -

B. Prior to takeoff, a pilot must establish communication with the ATC controlling facility. C. Prior to entering that airspace, a pilot must establish and maintain communication with the ATC serving facility.

Slide 96 -

Which is true regarding flight operations to or from a satellite airport, without an operating control tower, within the Class C airspace area? C. Prior to entering that airspace, a pilot must establish and maintain communication with the ATC serving facility

Slide 97 -

At some airports located in Class D airspace where ground visibility is not reported, takeoffs and landings under special VFR are A. authorized only if the ground visibility is observed to be at least 3 SM.

Slide 98 -

B. not authorized. C. authorized by ATC if the flight visibility is at least 1 SM.

Slide 99 -

At some airports located in Class D airspace where ground visibility is not reported, takeoffs and landings under special VFR are C. authorized by ATC if the flight visibility is at least 1 SM.

Slide 100 -

When operating an airplane for the purpose of takeoff or landing within Class D airspace under special VFR, what minimum distance from clouds and what visibility are required? A. 500 feet beneath clouds, and the ground visibility must be at least 1 SM.

Slide 101 -

B. Remain clear of clouds, and the flight visibility must be at least 1 NM. C. Remain clear of clouds, and the ground visibility must be at least 1 SM.

Slide 102 -

When operating an airplane for the purpose of takeoff or landing within Class D airspace under special VFR, what minimum distance from clouds and what visibility are required? C. Remain clear of clouds, and the ground visibility must be at least 1 SM.

Slide 103 -

To operate an airplane under SPECIAL VFR (SVFR) within Class D airspace at night, which is required? A. The pilot must hold an instrument rating, and the airplane must be equipped for instrument flight.

Slide 104 -

B. The Class D airspace must be specifically designated as a night SVFR area. C. The pilot must hold an instrument rating, but the airplane need not be equipped for instrument flight, as long as the weather will remain at or above SVFR minimums.

Slide 105 -

To operate an airplane under SPECIAL VFR (SVFR) within Class D airspace at night, which is required? A. The pilot must hold an instrument rating, and the airplane must be equipped for instrument flight.

Slide 106 -

What designated airspace associated with an airport becomes inactive when the control tower at that airport is not in operation? A. Class D, which then becomes Class E. B. Class D, which then becomes Class C. C. Class B.

Slide 107 -

What designated airspace associated with an airport becomes inactive when the control tower at that airport is not in operation? A. Class D, which then becomes Class E.

Slide 108 -

When approaching to land at an airport with an ATC facility, in Class D airspace, the pilot must establish communications prior to A. 4 NM, up to and including 2,500 feet AGL.

Slide 109 -

B. 30 SM, and be transponder equipped. C. 10 NM, up to and including 3,000 feet AGL.

Slide 110 -

When approaching to land at an airport with an ATC facility, in Class D airspace, the pilot must establish communications prior to A. 4 NM, up to and including 2,500 feet AGL.

Slide 111 -

Excluding Hawaii, the vertical limits of the Federal Low Altitude airways extend from A. 1,200 feet AGL up to, but not including, 18,000 feet MSL. B. 1,200 feet AGL up to, but not including, 14,500 feet MSL. C. 700 feet AGL up to, but not including, 14,500 feet MSL.

Slide 112 -

Excluding Hawaii, the vertical limits of the Federal Low Altitude airways extend from A. 1,200 feet AGL up to, but not including, 18,000 feet MSL.

Slide 113 -

To use VHF/DF facilities for assistance in locating your position, you must have an operative VHF A. transmitter and receiver, and an operative VOR receiver. B. transmitter and receiver. C. transmitter and receiver, and an operative ADF receiver.

Slide 114 -

To use VHF/DF facilities for assistance in locating your position, you must have an operative VHF B. transmitter and receiver.

Slide 115 -

(Refer to figure 51.) The pilot generally calls ground control after landing when the aircraft is completely clear of the runway. This is when the aircraft A. passes the red symbol shown at the top of the figure.

Slide 116 -

B. is past the solid-line side of the middle symbol. C. is on the dashed-line side of the middle symbol.

Slide 117 -

(Refer to figure 51.) The pilot generally calls ground control after landing when the aircraft is completely clear of the runway. This is when the aircraft B. is past the solid-line side of the middle symbol.

Slide 118 -

(Refer to figure 51.) The red symbol at the top would most likely be found A. at an intersection where a roadway may be mistaken as a taxiway. B. near the approach end of ILS runways. C. upon exiting all runways prior to calling ground control.

Slide 119 -

(Refer to figure 51.) The red symbol at the top would most likely be found A. at an intersection where a roadway may be mistaken as a taxiway.

Slide 120 -

(Refer to figure 51.) While clearing an active runway, you are most likely clear of the ILS critical area when you pass which symbol? A. Top red. B. Bottom yellow. C. Middle yellow.

Slide 121 -

(Refer to figure 51.) While clearing an active runway, you are most likely clear of the ILS critical area when you pass which symbol? B. Bottom yellow.

Slide 122 -

(Refer to figure 51.) Which symbol does not directly address runway incursion with other aircraft? A. Top red. B. Bottom yellow. C. Middle yellow.

Slide 123 -

(Refer to figure 51.) Which symbol does not directly address runway incursion with other aircraft? A. Top red.

Slide 124 -

How can you determine if another aircraft is on a collision course with your aircraft? A. The other aircraft will always appear to get larger and closer at a rapid rate.

Slide 125 -

B. The nose of each aircraft is pointed at the same point in space. C. There will be no apparent relative motion between your aircraft and the other aircraft.

Slide 126 -

How can you determine if another aircraft is on a collision course with your aircraft? C. There will be no apparent relative motion between your aircraft and the other aircraft.

Slide 127 -

What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft if during a night flight you observe a steady white light and a rotating red light ahead and at your altitude? The other aircraft is A. approaching you head-on. B. headed away from you. C. crossing to your left.

Slide 128 -

What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft if during a night flight you observe a steady white light and a rotating red light ahead and at your altitude? The other aircraft is B. headed away from you.

Slide 129 -

When in the vicinity of a VOR which is being used for navigation on VFR flights, it is important to A. exercise sustained vigilance to avoid aircraft that may be converging on the VOR from other directions.

Slide 130 -

B. make 90° left and right turns to scan for other traffic. C. pass the VOR on the right side of the radial to allow room for aircraft flying in the opposite direction on the same radial.

Slide 131 -

When in the vicinity of a VOR which is being used for navigation on VFR flights, it is important to A. exercise sustained vigilance to avoid aircraft that may be converging on the VOR from other directions.

Slide 132 -

Choose the correct statement regarding wake turbulence. A. The greatest vortex strength is produced when the generating airplane is heavy, clean, and fast.

Slide 133 -

B. The primary hazard is loss of control because of induced roll. C. Vortex generation begins with the initiation of the takeoff roll.

Slide 134 -

Choose the correct statement regarding wake turbulence. B. The primary hazard is loss of control because of induced roll.

Slide 135 -

During a takeoff made behind a departing large jet airplane, the pilot can minimize the hazard of wingtip vortices by A. maintaining extra speed on takeoff and climbout.

Slide 136 -

B. being airborne prior to reaching the jet's flightpath until able to turn clear of its wake. C. extending the takeoff roll and not rotating until well beyond the jet's rotation point.

Slide 137 -

During a takeoff made behind a departing large jet airplane, the pilot can minimize the hazard of wingtip vortices by B. being airborne prior to reaching the jet's flightpath until able to turn clear of its wake.

Slide 138 -

Which procedure should you follow to avoid wake turbulence if a large jet crosses your course from left to right approximately 1 mile ahead and at your altitude? A. Make sure you are slightly above the path of the jet.

Slide 139 -

B. Slow your airspeed to VA and maintain altitude and course. C. Make sure you are slightly below the path of the jet and perpendicular to the course.

Slide 140 -

Which procedure should you follow to avoid wake turbulence if a large jet crosses your course from left to right approximately 1 mile ahead and at your altitude? A. Make sure you are slightly above the path of the jet.

Slide 141 -

To avoid possible wake turbulence from a large jet aircraft that has just landed prior to your takeoff, at which point on the runway should you plan to become airborne? A. At the point where the jet touched down, or just prior to this point.

Slide 142 -

B. Approximately 500 feet prior to the point where the jet touched down. C. Past the point where the jet touched down.

Slide 143 -

To avoid possible wake turbulence from a large jet aircraft that has just landed prior to your takeoff, at which point on the runway should you plan to become airborne? C. Past the point where the jet touched down.

Slide 144 -

With respect to vortex circulation, which is true? A. Helicopters generate downwash turbulence, not vortex circulation.

Slide 145 -

B. Vortex circulation generated by helicopters in forward flight trail behind in a manner similar to wingtip vortices generated by airplanes. C. The vortex strength is greatest when the generating aircraft is flying fast.

Slide 146 -

With respect to vortex circulation, which is true? B. Vortex circulation generated by helicopters in forward flight trail behind in a manner similar to wingtip vortices generated by airplanes.

Slide 147 -

Which is true with respect to vortex circulation? A. When vortex circulation sinks into ground effect, it tends to dissipate rapidly and offer little danger.

Slide 148 -

B. The vortex strength is greatest when the generating aircraft is heavy, clean, and slow. C. Helicopters generate downwash turbulence only, not vortex circulation.

Slide 149 -

Which is true with respect to vortex circulation? B. The vortex strength is greatest when the generating aircraft is heavy, clean, and slow.