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Enzymes PowerPoint Presentation

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Slide 1 - YEAR 12 - AS Biology29th November 2005 Enzymes Mr Potter
Slide 2 - Enzyme unit overview What are they? How they work Activation energy What controls their activity Rates of reaction Substrate/enzyme concentrations Temperature, pH Enzyme inhibitors Practical to demonstrate “Catalase” activity in different tissue samples Lesson Objectives
Slide 3 - Enzyme controlled reactions? Proteins? Lipase, protease, pectinase, amylase etc? “Lock & Key” molecular structures? Previous related topics covered?
Slide 4 - Explain enzymes as Globular Proteins which act as catalysts Explain their catalytic action in terms of lowering activation energy Describe examples of enzyme-catalysed reactions Discuss factors affecting reaction rates and inhibition Describe how to investigate these effects experimentally By the end of the unit you should be able to:-
Slide 5 - Enzymes:- Are defined as a BIOLOGICAL catalyst i.e. something that speeds up a reaction. Up to 1012 fold Usually end in ‘…ase’. Discovered in 1900 in yeasts. Some 40,000 in human cells Control almost every metabolic reaction in living organisms Are globular proteins coiled into a very precise 3-dimentional shape with hydrophilic side chains making them soluble Possess an active site such as a cleft in the molecule onto which other substrate molecules can bind to form an enzyme-substrate complex Once the substrate has been either synthesised or split, enzymes can be re-used. Do not ‘create’ reactions Widely used in industrial cleaning Often require co-factors (co-enzymes) to function – metal ions, or vitamin derivatives
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Slide 7 - Amylase + starch substrate
Slide 8 - Reaction Mechanism In any chemical reaction a substrate is converted into a product. In an enzyme catalysed reaction the substrate first binds to the active site of the enzyme to form the enzyme-substrate complex How do enzymes work?
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Slide 10 - Substrate molecule fits into the enzyme like a lock & key. Enzyme shape distorts or it changes other factors to make the reaction happen Molecule Geometry
Slide 11 - In a ‘natural’ reaction the product has a lower energy than the substrate so equilibrium will take it in the direction of the product. However there is an energy ‘barrier’ to be overcome Enzymes lower the activation energy required to bring about a reaction. EG catalase reduces the activation energy for the reduction of H202 86-fold “Activation Energy”
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Slide 13 - Substrate concentration Initially rate increases with substrate conc. Reaction rate factors
Slide 14 - This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.