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Ecommerce Company Amazon Presentation Transcript

Slide 1 - E-Commerce Amazon.com
Slide 2 - 2 Today’s Class Retail electronic commerce Look at Amazon.com Where they are today How they got there What future holds – shopping platform Amazon’s focus on user experience (UE) Leave eBay to communities, not a retailer Some electronic commerce statistics Multi channel shoppers Revisiting some failed businesses FreshDirect
Slide 3 - 3 E-Commerce: Amazon.com Launched in July 1995 with two goals World’s largest selection of books High value given large number of titles Convenience that delights the customer Now a broad-based online retailer Core business BMV (books-music-video) Sales of $3.9B in 2002; Q4 up 33% y-o-y 17% ROIC, low-teens cost of capital (Lehman) Company predicts 15% sales growth in 2003 25-30M unique visitors per month (Nielsen) Estimates of about 50M “active customers”
Slide 4 - 4 What Amazon.com Provides Online storefront – user experience For own stores as well as partners and Marketplace merchants Marketplace is “mall” of independent merchants 23% of sales in Q1 2002 (Jupiter Media Metrix) Extensive focus on delightful user experience Driven many innovations, adopted others Payment processing Fulfillment Via own warehouses and partnerships with distributors Close ties with shippers (UPS, Fedex)
Slide 5 - 5 Amazon Dominates Online Retail In addition to own site, operates sites for Toys-R-Us, Borders, CDNow, Virgin Megastore, Target, Drugstore.com These retailers have completely outsourced their online presence May handle own fulfillment though most don’t Sales partnerships with about 50 other merchants, including Gap, Office Depot, Eddie Bauer, Circuit City, Nordstrom Maintain own separate online presence in addition to one on Amazon’s site
Slide 6 - 6 How Amazon Got There Relentless focus on its two main goals Selection and convenience Required a certain scale of business to provide selection profitably In early years pursued growth necessary to achieve that scale Did not scale business at expense of convenience (delighting the customer) Grew quickly $1.64B sales in 1999 $2.76B sales in 2000
Slide 7 - 7 What Others Missed Many saw Amazon’s focus on growth as the goal It was not; selection and convenience were Many pursued growth at any cost Buy.com focus on “lowest prices on earth” At cost of horrible customer service Hard to recover from bad reputation Focus on price without operational means to deliver it profitably Pets.com sales at below cost of goods Low value goods with high shipping costs Amazon did invest in it though
Slide 8 - 8 Amazon Did Lose Billions Scaling while providing a delightful user experience was expensive But losses due to acquisitions, capital investments and operational inefficiencies Rather than cost of goods All could, in principle, be controlled over time Amazon did not engage in destructive focus on price Price leader relative to other channels, not other Internet sites Strategy seems to have paid off, Buy.com has (est.) 10% of Amazon’s revenue
Slide 9 - 9 Building Expensive Infrastructure Amazon’s initial model was to outsource fulfillment Largely to Ingram a large book distributor Found hard to delight customers Shipping delays were not under their control Flexibility to ship in pieces, etc. Potential logistical advantages of operating high volume business In 1999 opened own distribution centers Rapidly drove down fulfillment costs (% sales) 17% Q1‘99, 14% Q1‘01, 12% Q1‘02, 10.6% Q4‘02
Slide 10 - 10 Capital Markets Forced a Change Profitability rather than growth as best strategy to achieve goals Q4 2000 Bezos “March to profitability” Lehman report questioned whether cash necessary to survive the year, Q1 2001 Potential problem for supplier credit relations Critical for operational costs March became a dash More open about what was profitable and by what measures Pursued strategies market allowed
Slide 11 - 11 Amazon Marketplace Also in late 2000 started showing goods from independent vendors along side own merchandise Amazon’s merchandise description and pricing with links to other, generally used, versions Now also support sales of items not sold by Amazon itself Brings Amazon and eBay closer in terms of independent merchants and merchandise Different models – auction versus fixed pricing eBay experimenting with fixed price Different consumer populations?
Slide 12 - 12 A Page from WalMart Playbook In late 2001 Amazon started focusing more on price – has driven growth Free shipping on orders over certain size Many studies show shipping costs are biggest impediment to shopping online Discounts on certain product categories E.g., books over $30 Had achieved scale and operational efficiencies to enable price leadership Did not make price primary strategy until able Quickly dropping fulfillment costs; gross sales
Slide 13 - 13 Affording Free Shipping Amazon estimates free shipping will cost it $100M in 2003 Currently available on orders over $25 Longer shipping times for free delivery Flexibility to lower cost Consolidate into one shipment, get vendor to drop-ship, etc. Dropping TV advertising, relying on print, Internet, word of mouth Savings of $50M Resulting sales increase
Slide 14 - 14 Not Damaging Reputation Peoples’ expectations for quality of interactions with Amazon are high Ease of use, selection, rapid delivery Does slower free shipping disappoint Expectation of same service even though told it won’t be Ease of switching shipping options Focus on cost makes it important to better control inventory, avoid over stocking Amazon seems to be working bugs out of new approach, WSJ 1/9/03 anecdotal evidence
Slide 15 - 15 Commonalities: Amazon, FDX, DELL Exploit three ways that the Internet can deliver more value to customers Better information, service and selection Focus on information as value-added component of product or service Use as differentiator from other channels As grow, use as differentiator within channel Avoid competing on price until scale or efficiency allow it Start with premium product and move down May need price against established channels
Slide 16 - 16 Where Online Commerce is Going Q4 ’02 growth estimated at about 24% About $13B for the quarter Figures exclude travel sales Small portion of overall retail sales About 1.3% last year Growing considerably faster than offline 15-20% per year versus 2-5% per year At these rates, still only few percent in 5 years Changing demographics More closely mirrors overall retail spending Skewed to coastal cities, NY, LA, SF, DC, Seattle
Slide 17 - 17 Doubleclick Study Compared Internet, catalog, retail store 33% only in stores (down from 36% in ’01) 10% only online (up from 6% in ’01) Price decreasing driver of Internet sales Still primary reason, but lower than ’01 Better selection increased as factor for online purchases over ’01 Return policies and price increased as factors for offline purchases over ’01 Convenience and trying the product decreased but remained most cited reasons
Slide 18 - 18 User Experience is Everything Online the brand is the experience Major part of the offering, e.g. Amazon’s focus Contrast with kinds of offline brands that are mainly about experience No overall design to IBM site in late ’90’s Hard to use, most common requests were “help” button and search box Re-designed over 10 weeks, over 100 people Common layout, low download time, graphic design, navigability First week saw 84% drop in help button, 400% increase in sales (NYT 8/30/99)
Slide 19 - 19 Amazon Focus on Customer Company attracts people with customer focus – not just in customer facing roles Including software developers Continuous testing in their usability lab Entire experience, not just Web interaction Tradeoff of new features versus clutter Metrics to evaluate each change Careful evaluation of how changes drive sales Leading the customer carefully E.g., with one-click addressing fears by making clear it was easy to cancel
Slide 20 - 20 Customer Experience at Amazon Discovery Searching, browsing, recommendations, relatedness, what you’ve done on site Community Reviewers, merchants, spending time making site richer experience Shopping The bread and butter, has to be easy and fun Order monitoring Sale not over until customer happy with item(s) At least if want repeat business
Slide 21 - 21 Revisiting E-Commerce Failures Some were just too early Level of comfort with online shopping E.g., much furniture bought offline not seen But Living.com didn’t make it Some didn’t fit online model well E.g., pet supplies Low value and high shipping cost items Some built un-sustainable costs/debt E.g., Webvan provided value beyond pricing FreshDirect giving online grocery a try in NYC
Slide 22 - 22 Fresh Direct Online Grocer Focus is on the food Modeled on Dell: provide great choice and use Internet to deliver it With new manufacturing process Better quality and selection of fresh foods Prices 10-30% lower than Manhattan stores Fixed $3.95 delivery fee, minimum $40 order Deliver only at night and on weekends Direct from warehouse to customer Many items prepared in the warehouse Raised $120M; goal $225M/yr sales by ’04
Slide 23 - 23 Summary Importance of user experience on brand Requires commitment across the company Requires common site design, navigation But content needs to be accurate, so best under control of individual business group/team Selection and convenience are big drivers of online commerce Price secondary focus for successful firms Perhaps getting less important for consumers Online community plays role too