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Psychology Stress Lifestyle and Health PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Psychological stress can have a significant impact on lifestyle and health. Chronic stress can lead to unhealthy behaviors like overeating, lack of exercise, and substance abuse. Managing stress through positive coping mechanisms can improve health outcomes. Additionally, a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, can help mitigate the negative effects of stress.

Published on : May 04, 2023
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Psychology Stress Lifestyle and Health Presentation Transcript

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STRESS, LIFESTYLE, AND HEALTH Psychology

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Stress is a process whereby an individual perceives and responds to events that he appraises as overwhelming or threatening. Stressor demanding or threatening event, anything that causes stress. This OpenStax ancillary resource is © Rice University under a CC-BY 4.0 International license; it may be reproduced or modified but must be attributed to OpenStax, Rice University and any changes must be noted. Any images credited to other sources are similarly available for reproduction, but must be attributed to their sources. What is stress?

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As the stress level increases from low to moderate, so does performance (eustress). At the optimal level (the peak of the curve), performance has reached its peak. If stress exceeds the optimal level, it will reach the distress region, where it will become excessive and debilitating, and performance will decline.

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Primary appraisal: judging the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being of a stressor. Could the stressor lead to harm, loss, or negative consequences? Secondary appraisal: judgment of the options available to cope with a stressor , beginning to identify what resources you need to cope and if you have those resources. What we tell ourselves about a stressor can make it seem more stressful or less stressful.

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HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY Health psychology is a field of psychology that focuses on how our physical activities, traits, social relationships, etc. affect our overall health and rate of illnesses. They may work in the workplace or with medical personnel to help prevent illness by lowering the impact of stress on physical illness.

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Hans Selye: Mapped out body’s reactions to stress called General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) in 3 stages: Stage 1: Alarm Reaction Initial reaction to stressor, sympathetic nervous system kicks in, heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar increase, gives you energy. Might get headaches, nausea, or even fever. Stage 2: Stage of Resistance Body adjusts to stress but at a high physical cost, resistance to other stressors is lowered. Continues this stage until body is exhausted or stress is over Stage 3: Exhaustion: disease may occur, body’s resources are depleted

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Major Life Changes Change brings about stress, even good changes because we have to adjust to them. They are major sources of stress in our lives. Traumatic Events

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Hassles are daily life annoyances that cause stress They developed a hassles scale in which basic hassles in everyday life are rated on a scale. Those with more hassles had more headaches and that age affected how much each “hassle” stressed a person. Burnout: negative change in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration usually related to a job, college, etc.

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Psychoneuroimmunology Study of effects of psychological factors on immune system. Stress triggers same immune system response that infection triggers.

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Males and females often experience different symptoms of a heart attack. Heart disease causes one in three deaths in U.S. Hypertension or high blood pressure is a serious cardiovascular disorder. Stress and cardiovascular disorders Stress has been found to be a contributing factor to cardiovascular disorders.

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Type A personality: ambitious time conscious extremely hardworking tends to have high levels of hostility and anger easily annoyed Type B personality relaxed and laid-back less driven and competitive than Type A slow to anger Personality Factors in Stress Your personality affects your ability to cope with stress. There are identified various types of personalities as related to how you handle stress Hostility has been found to be a major factor in the development of heart disease as well as anger. Almost all negative moods like anger, fear, guilt, nervousness may be linked.

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There has also been found a link between depression and heart disease. The death rate due to heart disease among those diagnosed with depression in some studies has been found to be 50 to 71 % higher than those who were not depressed.

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In asthma, the airways become inflamed and narrowed. It is a chronic and serious disease leading to difficulty expelling air from the lungs. 4,000 people die each year from asthma related causes. Asthma has been linked to negative emotions like anxiety, high stress levels. Figure 14.21

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Tension headachesand migraines Migraine headaches are a type of headache caused by blood vessel swelling and increased blood flow. They are characterized by severe pain, nausea, disturbed vision. More frequent in females. Tension headaches often are related to stress levels and those with higher stress are more likely to suffer from headaches.

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This OpenStax ancillary resource is © Rice University under a CC-BY 4.0 International license; it may be reproduced or modified but must be attributed to OpenStax, Rice University and any changes must be noted. Any images credited to other sources are similarly available for reproduction, but must be attributed to their sources. Stress levels have been found to be related to how much perceived control we feel that we have over events. Individuals who feel they have more control over their choices and life typically have better physical and mental health and greater psychological well-being. More sense of control also predicts lower reactivity to stress. Link to senior citizens and purpose in life video

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Learned helplessness—martin seligman Seligman’s learned helplessness experiments with dogs used an apparatus that measured when the animals would move from a floor delivering shocks to one without. Some of the dogs in Seligman’s experiment were placed in a chamber where they were given electric shocks they could not escape. Later when given an opportunity to escape the shocks by jumping over a barrier, many would just give up and accept the shocks. He called this learned helplessness and he feels it is similar to depression in humans who often feel they cannot control their outcomes.

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Social- support system is the network of friends, family, neighbors, coworkers, and others who offer help to people in need. May give advice, money, companionship, etc. People with good support systems are less likely to die from illnesses or injuries than those with poor support systems. Marriage is a good predictor of healthy aging and longevity. It can help improve immune system and health overall.

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This OpenStax ancillary resource is © Rice University under a CC-BY 4.0 International license; it may be reproduced or modified but must be attributed to OpenStax, Rice University and any changes must be noted. Any images credited to other sources are similarly available for reproduction, but must be attributed to their sources. Stress reduction techniques Some ways it has been found from studies to combat or reduce stress reactions: Exercise-increased physical fitness may protect against stress-related health problems. Herbert Benson developed a four component stress reduction method called the relaxation response technique: a. Sit upright on a comfortable chair with feet on ground and body in relaxed position b. A quiet environment with eyes closed c. Repeating a word of phrase called a mantra to oneself like “calm, peace, relax.” d. Allow mind to focus on pleasant thoughts or scenes

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This OpenStax ancillary resource is © Rice University under a CC-BY 4.0 International license; it may be reproduced or modified but must be attributed to OpenStax, Rice University and any changes must be noted. Any images credited to other sources are similarly available for reproduction, but must be attributed to their sources. Happiness is an enduring state of well-being consisting of joy, contentment, and other positive emotions, plus the sense that your life has meaning and value. On a scale from 1-10, people reported an avg score of 5.2 across many countries. North America, Australia, and New Zealand had highest avg of 7.1 and Sub-Saharan Africa had lowest at 4.6 happiness Five happiest: Denmark Norway Switzerland Netherlands Sweden United States is 17th

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This OpenStax ancillary resource is © Rice University under a CC-BY 4.0 International license; it may be reproduced or modified but must be attributed to OpenStax, Rice University and any changes must be noted. Any images credited to other sources are similarly available for reproduction, but must be attributed to their sources. Positive psychology Positive Psychology founded by Martin Seligman urges psychology to focus on understanding happiness, it seeks to identify and promote qualities that lead to greater fulfillment in our lives. Focuses on strengths and not problems. Positive affect is pleasurable engagement with the environment and characterized by joy, happiness, enthusiasm, alertness, and excitement. Benefits: lower heart disease Optimism: general tendency to look on bright side and to expect a good outcome. Views stressors as temporary and able to be overcome. Flow: engaging and engrossing oneself in an activity that you love, losing yourself in an activity Video

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