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Slide 1 - Computer
Slide 2 - OVERVIEW What is computer ? History of computer Parts of computer Types of computer Working principle of computer Input & output devices Internet Application of computers Conclusion
Slide 3 - WHAT IS COMPUTER ? Definition: A computer is a device that takes data in one form, uses it, and produces a different form of information which is related to (but not the same as) the original data. an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit
Slide 4 - WHAT DOES A COMPUTER DO? Computers perform four general operations input, process, output, and storage Information processing cycle inputting, processing, outputting, and storing make-up this cycle Processing requires data data – collection of raw facts, figures, and symbols given to a computer during the input operation Manipulate data to create information information – data that is organized, meaningful, and useful
Slide 5 - HISTORY OF COMPUTERS - Long, Long Ago - beads on rods to count and calculate still widely used in Asia! Abacus - 3000 BC
Slide 6 - HISTORY OF COMPUTERS - Way Back When- Slide Rule 1630 based on Napier’s rules for logarithms used until 1970s Slide Rule
Slide 7 - HISTORY OF COMPUTERS - 19th Century - first stored program - metal cards first computer manufacturing still in use today! Jacquard Loom - 1801
Slide 8 - CHARLES BABBAGE - 1792-1871- Difference Engine c.1822 huge calculator, never finished Analytical Engine 1833 could store numbers calculating “mill” used punched metal cards for instructions powered by steam! accurate to six decimal places Analytical Engine
Slide 9 - VACUUM TUBES - 1941 - 1956 First Generation Electronic Computers used Vacuum Tubes Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with circuits inside. Vacuum tubes have no air inside of them, which protects the circuitry.
Slide 10 - UNIVAC - 1951 first fully electronic digital computer built in the U.S. Created at the University of Pennsylvania ENIAC weighed 30 tons contained 18,000 vacuum tubes Cost a paltry $487,000
Slide 11 - GRACE HOPPER Programmed UNIVAC Recipient of Computer Science’s first “Man of the Year Award”
Slide 12 - FIRST TRANSISTOR Uses Silicon developed in 1948 won a Nobel prize on-off switch Second Generation Computers used Transistors, starting in 1956
Slide 13 - THE FIRST MICROPROCESSOR – 1971 The 4004 had 2,250 transistors four-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s) 108Khz Called “Microchip” Intel 4004 Microprocessor
Slide 14 - WHAT IS A MICROCHIP? Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSIC) Transistors, resistors, and capacitors 4004 had 2,250 transistors Pentium IV has 42 MILLION transistors Each transistor 0.13 microns (10-6 meters)
Slide 15 - BIRTH OF PERSONAL COMPUTERS - 1975 256 byte memory (not Kilobytes or Megabytes) 2 MHz Intel 8080 chips Just a box with flashing lights cost $395 kit, $495 assembled. MITS Altair
Slide 16 - IBM PC - 1981 IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture First wide-selling personal computer used in business 8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors 4.77 Mhz processing speed 256 K RAM (Random Access Memory) standard One or two floppy disk drives
Slide 17 - APPLE COMPUTERS Founded 1977 Apple II released 1977 widely used in schools Macintosh (left) released in 1984, Motorola 68000 Microchip processor first commercial computer with graphical user interface (GUI) and pointing device (mouse)
Slide 18 - COMPUTER GENERATIONS 1. VACUUM TUBES: 1946-1959 2. TRANSISTORS: 1957-1963 3. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: 1964-1979 4. VERY LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED (VLSI) CIRCUITS: 1980- PRESENT*
Slide 19 - WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER? Six primary components input devices the processor memory output devices storage devices communications devices the processor, memory, and storage device are housed in a box-like case called the system unit
Slide 20 - INPUT DEVICES Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer Input Device Examples Keyboard Mouse
Slide 21 - PROCESSOR Processor or central processing unit (CPU) – interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer made up of the control unit and arithmetic/logic unit control unit – interprets the instructions arithmetic/logic unit – performs the logical and arithmetic processes 42 million transistors and performs operations 10 million times in a tenth of a second
Slide 22 - SYSTEM UNIT
Slide 23 - MEMORY Memory or random access memory (RAM) – electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processed data consists of one or more chips on the motherboard motherboard or system board – main circuit board to which electronic components are attached memory is measured in kilobytes or megabytes 1 kilobyte (K or KB) = 1,000 memory locations 1 megabyte (M or MB) = 1,000,000 memory locations memory location or byte – stores one character
Slide 24 - OUTPUT DEVICES Output devices make the information resulting from processing available for use Output Device Examples Printers Impact Nonimpact Photo Display Devices CRT LCD
Slide 25 - STORAGE DEVICES Magnetic disks use magnetic particles to store items on a disk’s surface Floppy disks Zip disks Hard disks
Slide 26 - STORAGE DEVICES Optical discs CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW DVD-ROM DVD-R DVD+R DVD-RW DVD+RW DVD+RAM Tape
Slide 27 - COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES Communications device – hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers widely used communication device is the modem communications occur over transmission media cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, and satellites some are wireless
Slide 28 - COMPUTER SOFTWARE two types of software system software application software System software – programs to control the operations of computer equipment operating system – set of programs that tell the computer how to perform the functions of loading, storing, and executing an application program and how to transfer data booting – when a computer is turned on, the operating system is loaded into the computer’s memory from auxiliary storage graphical user interface (GUI) – visual cues or icon symbols
Slide 29 - COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Slide 30 - TYPES OF COMPUTER Type of computer Digital computer Micro Computer Home PC Main frame Computer Super Computer Mini Computer Analog computer Hybrid Computer
Slide 31 - CLASSIFICATION OF DIGITAL COMPUTER Desktop Workstation Notebook Tablet PC Handheld computer Smart Phone
Slide 32 - NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET A network is a collection of computers and devices connected via communications media and devices A local area network (LAN) connects computers in a limited geographic area A wide area network (WAN) covers a large geographical area
Slide 33 - NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN)
Slide 34 - NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET The world’s largest network is the internet Most users connect to the internet in one of two ways: Internet service provider Online service provider
Slide 35 - THE WORLD WIDE WEB One of the more popular segments of the Internet is the World Wide Web, also called the Web A Web page is a document that contains text, graphics, sound, and/or video and has built-in connections, or hyperlinks to other Web documents A Web site is a related collection of Web pages You access and view Web pages using a software program called a Web browser A Web page has a unique address, called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Slide 36 - WHY IS A COMPUTER SO POWERFUL? Power is derived from the computer’s capability to perform the information processing cycle with speed, reliability, and accuracy The computer’s capacity to store huge amounts of data and information The computer’s ability to communicate with other computers
Slide 37 - WHAT’S NEXT FOR COMPUTERS? Use your imagination to come up with what the next century holds for computers. What can we expect in two years? What can we expect in twenty years?
Slide 38 - Thank You