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Fungi PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Ppt Presentation on Fungi which is created by Tbarger and available for free download Fungi powerpoint presentation.

Tags : Fungi

Published on : Aug 18, 2018
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Fungi Presentation Transcript

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Fungal Characteristics 1)Cell wall made of Chitin 2)Heterotrophs and major Decomposers 3)Body is made of Long filaments of hyphae which form a mycelium 4)Reproduce sexually and asexually Asexually by spores Sexually by mating of hyphae filaments

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An example of Fungi You know

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Mushrooms – “Club Like” Fungi or Basidiomycete Fungi

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Bracket Fungi – Basidiomycete Fungi

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Bread Mold – a Zygomycete Fungi

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Cup Fungi – Ascomycete Fungi Note the cup shapes and orange peel colour

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Kingdom Fungi – you must know 5 Major Phyla Phylum Zygomycota = the Bread Molds Rhizopus – black bread mold Oomycota = the Water Molds Water mold, potato blight, mildew Phylum Ascomycota = the Sac Fungi Yeast, morels, truffles Phylum Basidiomycota = the Club Fungi Mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts, smuts, toadstools Phylum Deuteromycota = the Fungi Imperfecti

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-are primarily decomposers -asexual spores may be produced in sporangia -sexual reproduction occurs between + and – strains forming a 2n zygote; a zygospore develops and may lie dormant for a long period of time; meiosis occurs just before germination -only the zygote is diploid; all hyphae and asexual spores are haploid Zygomycota (Rhizopus) the Common Molds

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Zygomycota – common molds The fungal mass of hyphae, known as the MYCELIUM penetrates the bread and produces the fruiting bodies on top of the stalks Mycelia = a mass of hyphae or filaments

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Rhizoids = root-like hyphae The zhizoids meet underground and mating occurs between hyphae of different molds (SEXUAL REPRODUCTION)

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Zygomycota (Rhizopus)

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Lifecycle of a Zygomycete Fungi – Asexual then Sexual

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Ascomycota – Cup Fungi Life Cycle

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Yeast is an Ascomycete Fungus

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Truffles are round, warty, fungi that are irregular in shape. They vary from the size of a walnut to that of a man's fist. Since the times of the Greeks and Romans these fungi have been used in Europe as delicacies, as aphrodisiacs, and as medicines. They are among the most expensive of the world's natural foods, often commanding as much as $250 to $450 per pound. Truffles are harvested in Europe with the aid of female pigs or truffle dogs, which are able to detect the strong smell of mature truffles underneath the surface of the ground. The female pig becomes excited when she sniffs a chemical that is similar to the male swine sex attractant. The use of dogs to find truffles is also and option.

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Morels are Ascomycete Fungi

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Basidiomycete or Club Fungi

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Life Cycle of Basidiomycete Fungi

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Bracket Fungi Puff Balls Mushrooms Jelly Fungi Basidiomycete Fungi that all produce Basiospores

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Other Basidiomycetes Rusts and Smuts Rust infecting wheat leaves Rust infecting a Leaf Whitrot Smut digesting old wood

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-Regarded as imperfect because they exhibit no sexual stage has been observed in their life cycle -Members are not closely related and are not necessarily similar in structure or appearance; do not share a common ancestry, polyphyletic = coming from many ancestors – hmm weird  Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi)

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Deuteromycota – the Fungi Imperfecti Resemble Ascomycetes, but their reproductive cycle has never been observed Different from Ascomycetes because there is a definite lack of sexual reproduction, which is why they are called Imperfect Fungi Penicillium fungi Up Close

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Water Molds -- Oomycota The water molds are better known as the MILDEWS. Fish tank fuzz is an example. Protist-like mold because share common characteristics with plant-like protists, such as the cell wall

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LifeCycle of Oomycota

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Things to Know about Oomycete Fungi Water molds or mildews Cause diseases such as potato blight Cell walls made of cellulose (like plant) Hyphae have multiple nuclei! Because the cell walls do not fully close off. Spore swims away like a flagellate, which is why it is protist like (think of Euglena)

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Irish Potato Famine of 19th Century Devastated potato crops, causing devastating starvation in Ireland 

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Cross Walls of Hyphae Coenocytic hyphae where the nucleis of each cell is embedded in the cytoplasm without a cell wall Eg. Zygomycota, Oomycota Hyphae with cross walls Eg. Basidiomycota, Ascomycota

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Lichens are mutualistic symbiotic organisms. They have an ____________ fungus and a _________ or cyanobacterial portion. There are three lichen growth forms which are predominant in nature: _____________________ _____________________________ Lichens

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Crustose Foliose Fruticose

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Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae means “fungus-root”; mutualistic relationship between plant and fungi The plant photosynthesizes while the fungus more efficiently takes up nutrients and water from the rhizosphere than the roots would alone. Plant benefits include: Improved nutrient/water uptake Improved root growth Improved plant growth and yield Improved disease resistance Reduced transplant shock Reduced drought stress

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Soredia are the asexual reproductive part of lichens, containing both symbionts. Rhizines may be present to anchor the lichen. Notice the distinctive algal layer and the fungal layer present in the above illustration.

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