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Cause And Effect Of Mutation PowerPoint Presentation

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Slide 1 - Cause and effect of mutation L Mathias
Slide 2 - What causes mutation Spontaneous Increases caused by environmental factors UV light X-rays Benzene, formaldehyde, carbon tetrachloride
Slide 3 - Gametic and somatic mutations Gametic – testis of males, ovaries of females, inherited Somatic – in normal body cells occuring beyond zygote formation, not inherited but may effect the person during their lifetime. Chimaeras
Slide 4 - Mutagens and their effects Ionising radiation – Nuc radiation, xrays, gamma rays (e.g. medical treatment) associated with development of cancers (e.g. leukaemia, thyroid cancer and skin cancer
Slide 5 - Mutagens and their effects Viruses and microorganisms – integrate into human chromosome, upset genes and can trigger cancer
Slide 6 - Mutagens and their effects Environmental poisons – Organic solvents such as formaldehyde, tobacco, coal tars, benzene, asbestos, some dyes
Slide 7 - Mutagens and their effects Alcohol and diet – High alcohol intake increase the risk of some cancers. Diet high in fat and those containing burned or highly preserved meat
Slide 8 - The effect of muations Not all are harmful Survival advantage Most common among bacteria and viruses but also seen in insects If no selective pressure may remain in population
Slide 9 - Harmful mutations Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia Disfunctional proteins Albinism – caused by mutation in gene of enzyme pathway of melanin
Slide 10 - Beneficial mutations Bacteria – antibiotic resistance through mutation, transfer between bacterial species Superbugs such as MRSA have arisen this way RNA viruses – such as HIV – mutates it’s protein coat so that the host human is unable to make antibodies quick enough against it
Slide 11 - Neutral mutations Neither harmful or beneficial to the organism but may be important in an evolutionary sense Silent mutations Virtually impossible to detect because no observable effect
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