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Cathode Materials and Cathode/Anode Ratios | Products Finishing

This is last of four papers presented during AESF Week 2002 at the Rosen Center in Orlando, Florida on January 30, 2002, as part of the Hydrogen Embrittlement Seminar. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the research into hydrogen embrittlement at the turn of the century. The full paper on this work can be accessed and printed at short.pfonline.com/NASF24Sep4.

Fully automated process combines ultrafine cleaning and protective UV coating for battery cells, replacing the need for traditional film wrapping. niobium sputtering target

Finishing activity experienced accelerated contraction for the third month in a row, down 1.1 points from June. It is down almost 5 points (4.8) from the April reading before it first started to drop, and has not been this low since May 2020.

A quick guide to surface preparation prior to electroplating.

This is first of four papers presented during AESF Week 2002 at the Rosen Center in Orlando, Florida, on Jan. 30, 2002, as part of the Hydrogen Embrittlement Seminar.  A detailed overview of hydrogen embrittlement beginning with elemental discussions of the scientific phenomenon, occurrence, metallurgical attributes, habits of various metals and alloys and basic solid-state physics. 

To better control the friction in a bolted joint, it is essential to understand all the factors affecting it, including lubricant and topcoat.

This is second of four papers presented during AESF Week 2002 at the Rosen Center in Orlando, Florida, on Jan. 30, 2002, as part of the Hydrogen Embrittlement Seminar. A practical overview of dealing with hydrogen embrittlement on the plating line. The full paper of this work can be accessed and printed at short.pfonline.com/NASF24Sep2.

Providing epoxy-coated rebar with the ultimate corrosion resistance is Simcote’s focus for the infrastructure industry it serves. 

In the frenetic pace of today’s world, keeping up with projects and responsibilities can sometimes seem daunting — here are a few multitasking strategies that may help.

The importance of recruiting, training and educating finishing’s next generation of problem-solvers and troubleshooters.

Any one of these three facets will help you become a stronger powder coater, but this session will walk you through all of them and provide details that will be most valuable on a quest to develop an optimal powder operation. Agenda:  The good: introduction to powder coatings The bad: common challenges The ugly: debunking myths Best practices for optimal operations Case studies

Our focus includes the use of membrane filtration systems – which can recover up to 98% of cleaning solutions – dramatically reducing the volume of concentrated waste requiring disposal. Additionally, we delve into strategies for maximizing cleaner longevity by precisely adjusting oil concentrations, leveraging the direct relationship between cleaner concentration and effective oil content management. By adopting these methods, businesses can achieve significant cost savings through reduced chemical consumption, lower waste disposal expenses and decreased energy usage – all while promoting environmental sustainability. Agenda:  Membrane Filtration Systems: Learn how these systems protect industrial assets and recover a substantial percentage of cleaning solutions. Cost-Saving Strategies: Discover opportunities for savings through extended cleaner longevity and reduced chemical waste Technical Cleanliness Challenges: Understand the various challenges in achieving and maintaining technical cleanliness across processes. Establish a more sustainable and cost-efficient cleaning program that delivers superior results, reduces downtime and minimizes environmental impact

Dive into plating bath optimization. Learn about the importance of chemistry measurement, various analysis methods and real-time monitoring benefits through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis with insightful case studies highlighting efficiency gains. Join Fisher Technology's Devarsh Shah and Melissa Agneta as they discuss how to improve plating efficiency by exploring essential chemistry techniques, including real-life examples. Discover why measuring plating bath chemistry matters, the different ways to analyze it and the benefits of monitoring it as it happens in real-time. With XRF analysis, you'll gain the knowledge and tools to improve your plating process, thus ensuring top-notch efficiency and quality in surface finishing. Agenda: Importance of measuring plating bath chemistry Methods for analyzing bath chemistry Benefits of monitoring bath chemistry in real-time Case studies

In this high-level overview of wastewater system maintenance and upgrades, Robin Deal and Brian Greene will review the critical components required for a fully-functional system and discuss their expected life span. Learn to navigate factors such as material degradation and technological advancements, examine the effects, and address issues of chemical usage on the equipment. This webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge needed to ensure your wastewater system remains in optimal condition, highlighting the importance of understanding both the hardware requirements and the chemical interactions that can influence system longevity and performance. By implementing proactive maintenance strategies and informed chemical management practices, you can enhance the reliability and efficiency of your wastewater infrastructure, ultimately contributing to environmental sustainability and public health protection. Agenda: Essential equipment for wastewater systems Life span considerations for wastewater systems Impact of chemical usage on wastewater equipment

But is chemical removal or biological removal better for your operation? Or maybe it is a combination of the two for the knockout punch? Chemical removal has a long track record of proven success and is readily available, cost-effective and affords ease of operation. Biological removal is used as a final polish to achieve permit limits and reduce disposal costs. These microorganisms work under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with no caustics or acids as to not cause harm to pipes or wastewater equipment. During this webinar, you will learn about how to implement a total wastewater system that will ultimately have you using less chemistry. Agenda:  When would you use chemical vs biologics for wastewater treatment — or can you use both? Who should consider using biologics for wastewater treatment? What do you need to know about maintaining a biologic system?

Zirconium conversion coatings provide advanced bonding and anti-corrosion treatment for all metals. They are formulated to replace conventional iron or zinc phosphate products in pretreatment applications with environmental, energy and wastewater treatment advantages. During this lively debate, our experts will help you decide which process will pack the bigger pretreatment punch for you – or will it be a combination of both? Agenda:  Advantages and disadvantages of each application type Optimizing your process for reducing chemical consumption and cost Regulatory issues to be aware of

The NASF Palmetto Southeast Chapter is excited to announce its fall management event! This 2-day event kicks off on Wednesday, October 9th, 2024 with two action-packed days of Succession on the Horizon!! Featuring brilliant speakers, cutting-edge & informative, innovative and real-time topics, impacting your business, and the surface finishing industry, as well as manufacturing. Includes two days of networking, socializing, golfing, great food, & lots of fun!!! Hosting this event down south, in the low-country for a second year in a row, at the beautiful Tides Resort in Folly Beach, SC.  Register for the event here. Contact Paul Skelton @ paul.skelton@biganodes.com or by phone @ 828.748.9356

FABTECH 2024 will be held October 15-17, 2024, in Orlando, Florida, at the Orange County Convention Center. FABTECH provides a convenient ‘one-stop shop’ venue where you can meet with world-class suppliers, discover innovative solutions, and find the tools to improve productivity and increase profits. There is no better opportunity to network, share knowledge and explore the latest technology, all here in one place. Future U.S. Show Dates and Locations 2025 – September 8-11 at McCormick Place in Chicago, IL 2026 – October 21-23 at Las Vegas Convention Center in Las Vegas, NV 2027 – September 13-16 at McCormick Place in Chicago, IL

Registration is open for the Industrial Heating Equipment Association’s (IHEA) Industrial Heating Decarbonization SUMMIT to be held October 28-30 at the Conrad Indianapolis. Attendance for this distinctive event is limited so early registration is highly recommended. The two-day SUMMIT will tackle the decarbonization challenges in the industrial heating industry. “IHEA’s Industrial Heating Decarbonization SUMMIT is the most comprehensive collection of information regarding sustainability and decarbonization within the industry,’ notes Chad Spore, John Deere’s Enterprise Materials Engineering Supervisor, Metals – Region 4. “You will walk away with confidence on how to take on this challenge within your business.” The SUMMIT is designed to assist everyone using heat technologies to understand and overcome important concerns and provide potential solutions as manufacturers plan for a sustainable future. The program contains topics that will inform and guide attendees in their journey to decarbonization, while a host of tabletop exhibitors will offer products and services that assist the industry in finding pathways to offset carbon emissions and a variety of alternative solutions. The event includes a two-day tabletop exhibition where attendees can visit with suppliers to learn more about the products and services that will help them navigate the decarbonization efforts. The unique IHEA approach to sustainable solutions is a comprehensive mix of currently available technologies as well as developing technologies that will allow companies to reduce carbon footprints now while planning for a net-zero future. Tabletops and sponsorships are available on the event website

Surface Finishing Mexico is the most important exhibition of industrial surface finishing and coatings in Mexico. SFM 2024 offers a specialized educational program and commercial area UNIQUE for the industry we represent in Mexico. It is an excellent opportunity to interact with the world of electroplating, anodizing, liquid and powder painting, E-Coat, organic finishes and other processes.

Carlisle Fluid Technologies- Binks, DeVilbiss, Ransburg, MS, BGK- and Owens Community College have teamed up to present Spray Finishing Technology Workshops  The three-day intensive training programs are scheduled for November 6-8, 2024 in Toledo, Ohio.  Classes meet from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm daily and include both classroom and hands-on sessions.  Attendees should be involved with industrial, contractor or maintenance spray finishing applications, or spray equipment sales and distribution.  Topics for the Spray Finishing Technology Workshops include: Topics for the workshop include: Equipment types and selection Equipment set-up, operation, and maintenance Surface preparation and defect analysis Material selection Safety and regulatory concerns To register, or for additional information, contact Jaime Wineland, Owens Community College, Workforce and Community Services Division, toll-free by phone at: 800-466-9367, ext.7320, or by e-mail at:  jaime_wineland@owens.edu

The day and a half introduction to Powder Coating & Curing Processes Seminar will include classroom instruction and hands-on lab demonstrations. The classroom content will cover the following topics: What is Powder Coating? Powder Coating Materials Cleaning & Pretreatment of Parts Moving Parts Through the Process Removal and Rework – hook and rack cleaning, transfer efficiency, reject stripping Curing Powder Coatings – Convection, Infrared, Gas Catalytic Test Methods for Performance Running an Efficient System This is the most cost-effective powder coating & curing training available anywhere.  Attendees benefit from the classroom training as well as the hands-on lab demos.  They will also have time to meet and greet the expert presenters during a networking reception after the first day of learning.  Thursday – Hilton Garden Inn 7:30 – 8:00 AM - Registration and breakfast  8:00 AM - Seminar Begins 12:15 - 1:00 PM - Lunch  4:30 - 5:30 PM - Networking Reception  Dinner on your own Friday – AR Iron LLC 7:30 AM - Breakfast available 8:00 AM – 10:00 AM – Curing processes and demonstration 10:15 - 11:00 AM Facility tour and hands-on demonstrations 12:30 PM – Certificate distribution and seminar concludes Location: Classroom: Hilton Garden Inn Las Vegas/Henderson 1340 West Warm Springs Rd. Henderson, NV, 89014 Group room rate: $169/night For reservations contact Jason Brewer directly at 702-322-9011 and ask for the CCAI rate. Please have credit card available to secure your room at the group rate. Hands-on Demonstration/Tour: AR Iron, LLC 1425 Athol Ave. Henderson, NV 89011 Registration Fee: CCAI Members: $395   /   Non-Members:  $525 Fee Includes:  Seminar materials, Powder Coating Manual, Infrared Manual, Breakfast and Breaks both days, Lunch Day 1, Networking Reception, Certificate of Completion. CLICK HERE to register.  Click here to view the event policies and cancellation information. Please note that this event is a training class and meant for end-users only. Suppliers are restricted to 1 registration per seminar. 

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Features stories and news on the adaptations of top shops, good habits, beneficial practices and successes that make a finishing shop a "Top Shop."

Young professionals are a vital asset to the finishing industry, and it is important to acknowledge those who are making great strides in shaping the industry's future.

Products Finishing is proud to announce a new awards program that recognizes individuals in the industry that are making important contributions to forward the surface finishing industry.

Reactive Surfaces, an innovator in bio-based coatings, works on development of Carbon Capture Coatings, which harness the natural CO2-capturing capabilities of live algae.

This Cincinnati-based plating company has experienced a 33% improvement as a result of investing in a new electroless nickel line. It continues to tweak the control technology to create the most effective coating for its customers’ needs.

Experts from MacDermid Enthone Industrial Solutions share industry insights in an interview from the SUR/FIN 2024 finishing industry tradeshow.

In these uncertain times, it is refreshing to hear from and learn about young talent in the surface finishing industry who are striving to make a difference within their organizations and the industry as a whole.

By replacing its immersion parts washer with a vacuum degreasing system, this machine shop is much more efficient, saving the company money, man hours and the health of the operators.

Finding a more accurate paint proportioner for its application enabled this auto parts manufacturer to save significant costs and labor while increasing capacity.

10 Point Checklist to Improve Your Parts Cleaning Processes

A collection of four PF features that delve into the technologies, processes and people working to provide protection for the automobiles of today.

Survey and analysis, with Hubbard-Hall, of Products Finishing Top Shops benchmarking attitudes and practices concerning parts cleaning.

Q. Can we use titanium as a cathode in our Type I, II and III anodizing tanks, and what are the guidelines for cathode to anode surface area ratios?

Q. Can we use titanium as a cathode in our Type I, II and III anodizing tanks, and what are the guidelines for cathode to anode surface area ratios?

A. Titanium cathodes can be used, but titanium is no better than Type 316 stainless steel in 165 g/l to 220 g/l room temperature, or colder, sulfuric acid. I do not know of a single Type I, II, or III anodizing cathode made of titanium. Because titanium is more expensive than 316 SS, I believe 316 stainless is a better choice for all three types of anodizing tanks.

The Type I anodizing electrolyte is chromic acid, essentially non-corrosive to both stainless steel and mild (carbon) steel. The life of either of these materials is nearly indefinite when used as the cathode for this process. Both are a fraction of the cost of titanium. 

Because chromic acid is not corrosive to mild or stainless steel, the tank itself is often used as the cathode by masking most of the inside of the tank with an insulating material such as polypropylene or other non-conductive material. Leave the areas unmasked that serve as the cathode. Steel or stainless steel cathodes can also be suspended in a poly tank instead of using parts of the tank as cathodes. 

For Type II anodizing in dilute sulfuric acid, both 316 SS and aluminum make good cathodes. Many only use aluminum because it is a better conductor of electricity. 

The best aluminum alloy to use is 6063-T6. It has about 25-percent better conductivity than 6061-T6.  There is very little difference, if any, in the performance of aluminum vs. stainless steel, although the common perception is that aluminum is better because of its conductivity. Aluminum normally has to be replaced every two to four years, depending on tank anodizing activity, bath concentration and temperature. Stainless steel may last as long as 10 years. Five to eight years would be the expected life span.

The cathodes, no matter what the material, are only subject to deterioration (corrosion) when no anodizing is going on. When anodizing is taking place, the cathodes are “cathodically protected.” If you want the cathodes to be cathodically protected at all times, a cathodic trickle charge can be set up to operate when there is no operating current in the tank. This will help prolong the life of any cathode.

Lead is also used as a cathode. It works well, but does deteriorate slowly and can cause problems with low lead levels in the wastewater. This is normally only a problem if there is inadequate wastewater treatment. The life span of lead as a cathode material is 10 to 15 years or more.

Originally published in the July 2017 issue.

Having trouble with spotting defects when anodizing? Taj Patel of Techevon LLC offers a helpful overview of the various causes of white spots and potential solutions.

Choosing the best process for your operation.

This important first step can help prepare the metal for subsequent surface finishing.

Anodizing for pre-prep bonding bridges the gap between metallic and composite worlds, as it provides a superior surface in many applications on aluminum components for bonding to these composites. 

Debuting new speakers and cleaning technology content during this half-day workshop co-located with IMTS 2024.

Baystar's Borstar technology is helping customers deliver better, more reliable production methods to greenhouse agriculture.

Chandler Mancuso, technical director with MacDermid Envio discusses updating your wastewater treatment system and implementing materials recycling solutions to increase efficiencies, control costs and reduce environmental impact.

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