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Politics of India Presentation Transcript

Slide 1 - POLITICS OF INDIA Political Institutions & Parties
Slide 2 - Republic of India A federal republic with a parliamentary system of government capital: New Delhi
Slide 3 - A federal system 26 states and 6 centrally administered Union Territories 2 states are partially claimed by Pakistan and China
Slide 4 - Federal system Relatively centralized federal government controls the most essential government functions defense foreign policy taxation public expenditures economic (industrial) planning
Slide 5 - Federal system state governments formally control agriculture education law and order within states dependent on central government for funds
Slide 6 - Federal system Balance of power between central and state governments varies by time and place state power was constrained during the rule of Nehru and Indira Gandhi state governments have more room to maneuver when central government is weak since 1998
Slide 7 - Federal system considerable center-state conflict when ruling political party in a state is different from national ruling party
Slide 8 - Parallel state structure Formal political structure of the states parallels that of the national government national state President Governor Prime Minister Chief Minister Parliament Assembly Supreme Court High Court
Slide 9 - The legislature Parliamentary system of government the executive authority is responsible to the Parliament
Slide 10 - The legislature bicameral Parliament Rajya Sabha (Council of States) Lok Sabha (House of the People)
Slide 11 - Rajya Sabha (Council of States) The Upper House
Slide 12 - Upper House Rajya Sabha (Council of States) not more than 250 members 12 are nominated by the President of India the rest are indirectly elected by state Legislative Assemblies The Council of States can not be dissolved members have terms of 6 years 1/3 members retire at end of every 2nd year
Slide 13 - Lok Sabha House of the People
Slide 14 - Lower House Lok Sabha (House of the People) 545 members 2 are appointed by the President of India the rest are directly elected from single-member districts 5-year terms unless dissolved Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer the Speaker
Slide 15 - Lok Sabha Elections held at least every 5 years Prime Minister may call elections earlier 543 single-member districts of roughly equal population party nomination 1st-past-the-post winner-take-all women’s share
Slide 16 - Elections to Lok Sabha Vote share of 3 major political parties
Slide 17 - Current composition 43 parties in the 13th Lok Sabha (1999) 39 parties in the 14th Lok Sabha (2004) Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 184 138 Indian National Congress (INC) 109 145 Communist Party of India (M) 34 43 other political parties 218 217 total 545 543
Slide 18 - Indian National Congress India’s oldest political party since 1885 India’s premier political party until 1990s in 1960s many regional parties started challenging INC’s monopoly on power
Slide 19 - Indian National Congress Indira Gandhi created a top-down structure party leaders appoint party officials some limited party elections left-of-center, pro-poor political platform
Slide 20 - Indian National Congress INC moved toward the ideological center Beginning in 1984 INC today tilts right-of-center economic efficiency business interests limited government spending
Slide 21 - Indian National Congress INC has always attracted support from diverse social groups in the 1990s INC has lost some of its traditional constituencies among the poor and Muslims
Slide 22 - Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) The major political party in India today right-leaning, Hindu-nationalist party first major party to mobilize explicitly on the basis of religious identity
Slide 23 - Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) better organized than INC disciplined party members carefully selected party cadres clear and respected authority line within the party
Slide 24 - Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Traditional supporters urban, lower-middle-class groups base of support widened since mid-1980s Hindu nationalism north-central India decline of Indian National Congress Muslims as convenient scapegoat for frustration
Slide 25 - BJP’s rapid rise to power electoral success from 1989 to 1999 difficulty in forming alliance with other parties break with past traditions relatively moderate, centrist position BJP formed governing coalition in 1998 collapsed in 1999 BJP formed a new coalition in 1999 more broadly based than previous coalition
Slide 26 - Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) economic liberalization and stability privilege the interests of the Hindu majority
Slide 27 - Prime Minister Leader of the majority party leader in Lok Sabha becomes the prime minister prime minister nominates a cabinet members of Parliament in the ruling coalition Council of Ministers effective power is concentrated in the office of the prime minister where most of the important policies originate
Slide 28 - Prime Ministers of India 38 years in the Nehru-Gandhi family more and more rapid turnover
Slide 29 - The President of India Head of the State Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces elected by an electoral college national Parliament state legislature 5-year terms can be reelected
Slide 30 - ppt slide no 30 content not found
Slide 31 - The President of India Ceremonial office symbolize national unity supposedly above partisan politics mostly acts on the advice of the prime minister President plays a significant role when the selection of a prime minister is complex in 1998 President requested BJP to form govt.
Slide 32 - The Judiciary Fundamental contradiction in constitution principle of parliamentary sovereignty principle of judicial review
Slide 33 - The Judiciary judiciary tries to preserve the constitution’s basic structure to ensure that legislation conforms with the intent of the constitution parliament tries to assert its right to amend the constitution
Slide 34 - Thank You